Gospatrick, a Northumbrian chief, who had desert ed Atheling, retaliated upon Malcolm's subjects in Cumberland; and the latter commanded his army to seize all the young men and Nvonieu in the counties through which they passed, and carry them captive. into Scotland. To punish the late revolt, William the Conqueror laid waste the country between the hIum ber and the Tees, and invaded Scotland.
The Scots advanced to meet him; but a convention being agreed on, Malcolm gave hostages, and did ho mage for the lands which he held in England.
A lapse of seven years succeeded; and :Malcolm availed himself of William's absence on the Continent, to invade Northumberland. An English army under Robert advanced upon Scotland, but was compelled to make a retreat. With a view of obstructing the in cursions of the Scots, William erected Newcastle.
\Villiam was succeeded by \Villiam Rufus, who re leased Duncan, and conferred the honour of knight hood upon him. To recover possession of his English territories, Malcolm penetrated into England as far as Newcastle. Having there received intelligence that an army was forming to arrest his progress, he retired.
Rufus, in retaliation, prepared an army for the in vasion of Scotland; but a peace was concluded by the mediation of Robert, Duke of Normandy, and Edgar Atheling. Malcolm promised the same duty that he had yielded to the Conqueror; and William in return gave him a compensation for the lands he claimed in England.
But the peace was not of long continuance; and a disagreement having arisen about the late treaty, the king of Scots assembled a tumultuary army, burst into Northumberland, and renewed the miseries of that province. In attempting to possess himself of the castle of Alnwick, he and his eldest son were slain. The army immediately retreated, and the remains of Malcolm were interred. His queen survived him only a few days. He had nine children: Duncan the eld est was illegitimate; the remaining six sons and daugh ters were born to him by Margaret.
A great change was introduced into the manners of that nation during this reign. Malcolm had passed his youth at the English court. He married an Anglo Saxon princess; and appeared in public with a and retinue previously unknown in Scotland, while the queen introduced a degree of politeness into her court, remarkable for that age, and contributed to soften the rude manners of the nobility.
Donald Bane and the death of Mal colm, all his children were under age. His brother Donald had taken refuge in the Hebrides, after Mac beth's usurpation, and having assembled a powerful armament in the western isles, he invaded Scotland, and ascended the throne. Duncan, the illegitimate son of Malcolm, was in the service of Rufus when these events happened, obtained his permission to in vade Scotland, and expelled the usurper. No sooner had Duncan assumed the sovereign authority, than a conspiracy was formed against him by his brother Edmund and the fugitive Donald.
At their instigation, Malpedir. Earl of Mearns, as sassinated Duncan. Donald Banc reascended the throne, but Edmund was condemned to perpetual im prisonment. Rufus gave the command of an army to Edgar Atheling, who marched into Scotland, and placed Edgar the son of Malcolm upon the throne of his ancestors. Donald was imprisoned and de prived of his eyes.
reign of this prince is not distin guished by any memorable event, and he maintained peace with England during his administration of ten years. The amicable relation between the king doms was strengthened by the marriage of Matilda, Edgar's sister, with Henry, (Beauclerc) king of England.
Jllexander the succeeded his bro ther Edgar, and married Sibilla, Henry's natural daughter; David, the youngest son of Malcolm Can more, was put in possession of Cumberland agreeably to a testamentary deed of the late king.
Alexander was called into the northern provinces to quell an insurrection excited by Angus, the grand son of Lnlach, who claimed the crown. Angus made submission, and tranquillity was restored. Alexander died at Stirling and left no legitimate issue.
the youngest son of Malcolm, suc ceeded his brother. His reign forms an epoch in the history and jurisprudence of Scotland. By attending 'the English court he acquired a knowledge of the laws of that kingdom and experience in the art of go vernment. He married the widow of the Earl of Northampton.