Ambitious of receiving the order of knighthood from Henry, Malcolm repaired to the English court at Carlisle. Henry refused the expected favour, and the young prince passed over to France, where he fought under the banners of Henry, who rewarded him with the honour of which he was ambitious.
An insurrection in Galloway enabled Malcolm to employ his factious nobles, and to conciliate the affec tions of his people by the display of his valour. He invaded that province twice without success; but in a third and more successful effort, he overcame his ene mies in battle, and constrained them to implore peace.
The inhabitants of Moray had often rebelled, and, in consequence, Malcolm dispossessed them, scattered them over Scotland, and planted new colonies in their room.
Somerled again invaded Scotland, and landed at Renfrew. The inhabitants repulsed his army, and the chief with his eldest son fell in battle. Malcolm died at Jedburgh.
William, the order to obtain the county of Northumberland, bequeathed to him by David, William repaired to the court of Henry, hoping that a personal interview would bring the negotiation to a speedy termination, whence he passed over into France, served under the English banners, and was amused with promises.
Indignant at Henry's insincerity, he sent ambassa dors to France, and concluded a treaty with that king dom against England. This is the first authentic evidence of the intercourse between France and Scot land.
William having failed in obtaining what he had no good reason to expect, left England. The prince of Wales persuaded 1Villiam to join him in a confedera cy against his father, and promised him the earldom of Northumberland; and to his brother David, the earldom of Cambridge. William invaded England, but failed in his attempts on Werk and Carlisle. The English crossed the Tweed, and wasted the southern counties of Scotland.
The Scots were more unfortunate in a second inva sion. Having advanced as far as Alnwick, IVilliam imprudently weakened his army; and the Yorkshire barons hastened to the aid of their neighbours. Ralph de Glanville, with a band of about four hundred horse men, approached the Scottish camp unobserved. Wil- . Liam mistook them for a party of his own stragglers returning loaded with spoil; but the display of the English banners soon undeceived him. Perceiving
his error, he charged the enemy, but was dismounted in the first shock, and was conducted to Newcastle; being afterwards sent to Normandy to be exhibited as a trophy of Henry's fortune. He continued in capti vity only a few months; but purchased his liberty with the independence of his country, and became Henry's liegeman for Scotland, and for all his other territo ries.
For the performance of this treaty, William con sented to deliver up the castles of Roxburgh, Berwick, Jedburgh, Edinburgh and Stirling; and gave his brother David, and many of his chief barons as hosta ges. He also, during the succeeding year, with the clergy`and barons, did homage to Henry at York.
A dispute between the English and Scottish eccle siastics succeeded. William and the Pope became parties in this quarrel; and though his lroliness laid the kingdom under an interdict, the Scottish king and clergy remained inflexible. At this crisis, the Pope died; and his successor, Lucius the Third, reversed the sentence of excommunication. The captivity of William, with his principal ministers, was the signal for kindling a civil war in Galloway. Gilbert, one of the chief, murdered his brother that he might rule without a competitor; but entreated the protection of Henry of England, offering to pay him a yearly tribute.
The king led an army into Galloway; but instead of executing justice, he contented himself with a pecu niary satisfaction. Gilbert renewed his depredations; and William dreading his power, offered a treaty which was refused. William married Irmangarder, daughter of Richard, Viscount of Beaumont, and re ceived as her dower the castle of Edinburgh, the feudal service of forty knights, and a yearly revenue of a hun dred pounds.
Donald Bane infested the north; and pretending a title to the crown, seized Ross and Moray, but was slain at Inverness. The bishop of Durham was depu ted by Henry to levy a contribution in Scotland for the Holy War; and the restitution of the castles of Roxburgh and Berwick was offered to William to in duce his compliance. The Scottish barons and clergy assembled in Parliament, considering this demand as an insult, refused their assents.