The Greek Catholic church, whose members amount to nearly 500,000, is under the direction of two bishops, who are suffragans to the Roman Catholic archbishop of Gran ; two chapters composed of two grand provosts ; eleven beneficed canons and six titular canons, and 820 pastors. The revenue of the two bishops is 28,000 florins, that of the chapters 9150, and that of the pastors 78,000 florins. Belonging to this church arc eight monasteries of the order of St Basil, containing 68 monks, 21 novices, and 17 lay brethren.
The Greek Schismatic Church has five bishops, all suf fragans of the metropolitan archbishop of Carlowitz in Sclavonia, whose dioceses contain 1120 parishes. There are ten monasteries of this religion, having a revenue of about 17,000.florins, and are inhabited by 82 monks. This sect amOunts to 1,877,587 souls.
The Protestant Evangelical, or Lutheran Church, con sisting or 700,000 souls, has 445 places of worship, and 478 ministers, who are chosen and supported entirely by their congregations.
The Reformed Evangelical Church is under a similar constitution, and includes 1324 churches, 1361 ministers, and 1,300,000 members.
• There are 75,128 Jcws, who have 42 synagogues, and 56 rabbles. This sect is excluded from all the cities which are near the mines ; and some other cities consider the pro hibiting of Jews to settle within their walls among the num ber of their privileges. The Anabaptists arc inconsider able in number, and are to be found only in a few cities.
The establishments for public instruction in Hungary, may be distinguished into General and Particular. Of the former, there is an elementary school, with two masters, established in every Catholic commune, where are taught, reading, writing, arithmetic, and religion. In addition to these, there are also 73 principal schools, to which arc at tached 234 teachers ; 9 normal schools, with 51 masters ; 43 gymnasia, with 88 professors ; and 5 arch-gymnasia, with 26 professors. In all these establishments, education is gratuitous, and costs the state about 90,000 florins. For the higher sciences, there are four academies, at Presbourg, Kaschau, Grosswardein, and Raab ; a lyceum at Erlau ; two schools of philosophy at Stein-am-Anger and Szegedin; and a university at Pesth. Besides a school in each of their parishes, the Lutherans have several other establishments for the education of their youth. In all of them, however, the sciences are very imperfectly taught, and the masters very poorly paid. The Reformed, in addition to their pa rish-schools, have two colleges at Debretzin and Saros Patak, which are intended chiefly for the education of their ministers. The Greek Schismatics have very few schools, except in the military frontiers of the Bannat, where there are 130, with 3615 scholars ; and those of this persuasion who wish to study the higher branches of science attend the Catholic or Protestant academics.
The Special Schools consist of the practical schools for rural economy in all its branches, of which there are four, at Szarwasch, Kessthely, St Miklosch, and Hradek ; a school for the deaf and dumb at \Vaitzen, and the royal school of mines at Schemnitz. To the school of mines at Schemnitz are attached two professors, one for metallurgy and chemis try, and the other for mathematics and other subjects connect ed with the mines. It is of great repute on the continent, and is generally attended by 90 students of different na tions.
Notwithstanding the number of public establishments for education in this country, the state of the sciences and literature is still very low. The language is in ge neral use among the inhabitants, anti indeed there are few parts of the country where it is not understood even by the lower orders. At Schemnitz, " the most prevailing tongue is the Sclavonian ; next to this the Hungarian ; then the German ; and lastly the Latin." " Some conjecture," says Dr Clarke, " respecting the state of literature in any na tion, may perhaps be formed by examining the booksellers' shops belonging to its capital ; and with this view we eagerly inspected those of Presbourg, but no prospect could be more barren : there was not a single volume worth a moment's notice either upon sale in the town, or mentioned in any of their catalogues." The public library at Pesth, however, contains all the best editions of the classics, and some manuscripts, but these are of little value. The Hungarian language cannot boast of one work of me tit ; and even its Latin writers are very•little known. The most voluminous and celebrated authors of this nation are Pray and \Vindisch. The researches of the former, who wrote in Latin, were confined chiefly to the history of his country ; and those of \Vindisch, in German, to its geo graphy.
See Gibbon's Roman Empire, 4to. vol. ii. p. 577, vol. iii. p. 362, and vol. v. p. 143, 548. ?nc. Un. Hist. vol. xix. p. 204. Mod. Un. Hist. vol. xxxii. p. 99. Demian Tableau Geogralzhique et Politique des Royaumes de Hongrie, &c. translated from the German. Clarke's Travels, vol. iv. p. 627-700. Pray's Historia regum Hungarice, &c. Win disch's Political, Geographical, and Historical Description of the Kingdom of Hungary, in German ; also his Geography of Hungary. Schwartner's Statistics of the Kingdom of Hungary. Sacy's History of Hungary. Townson's Tra vels in Hungary. Born's Travels in Hungary, &c. (fi)