ANDORRA, in-doer-a, a small republic in the eastern Pyrenees between Ariege, a depart ment of France, and Lerida, a province of Spain. It is about 80 miles west from the Mediterranean coast and 100 miles north of Barcelona. Its area is 175 square miles and the population 5,231. It is under the joint suze rainty of France and the Spanish bishop of Urgel. It is governed by a council of 24 mem bers elected for four years by the heads of families in each of its six parishes. The coun cil elect a first and second syndic to preside; the executive power is vested in the first syndic, while the judicial power is exercised by a civil judge and two magistrates (viguiers). France and the bishop of Urgel appoint each a magis trate and a civil judge alternately. A per manent delegate, the prefect of the Pyrenees. Orientales, moreover, has charge of the inter ests of France in the republic. The Andorra valley is enclosed by mountains. There is ex cellent pasture land, on which cattle are raised. Fruit trees and vines also flourish, and iron and lead are mined in the mountains. Much of the grain of the republic comes from France. The
manufacture of coarse cloth is the chief indus try. Wool, ores, cloth and dairy products are exported in small quantities. Andorra received its independence from Charlemagne in recog nition for its services to him in his campaign against the Moors, and in 1278 was transferred to the Comte de Foix and the bishop of Urge!. During the French Revolution the French de clined the annual tribute from Andorra, but in 1806 the former relations with France were resumed and cereals from France were admit ted free in consideration of an annual payment of 960 francs. The bishop of Urgel receives an annual sum of 460 francs. Military service is compulsory for all citizens between the ages of 16 and 60. The capital is Andorra with a popu lation of 1,000. Consult Deverell, 'History of the Republic of Andorra) (Bristol 1885) ' • John son, V. W.,