ANDRASSY, Julius, COUNT, 2d son of the preceding; Hungarian statesman: b. 30 June 1860. As a young man he was attaché to the Austro-Hungarian embassies in Berlin and Constantinople, became "resident officer° in a hussar regiment and elected to the Hun garian Reichstag in 1884. He was nominated under-secretary in the Department of the Interior in 1892, Minister of Education in 1893, and Minister at the Royal Court in 1894. On the resignation of the Wekerle Liberal Cabinet in December 1894, Baron Banffy be came Premier, and Andrassy retired from office. Banffy's stormy tenure of office ended in February 1899, on which Andrassy returned to the ranks of the Liberal party after having seceded from it the previous year. He sup ported in turn the Sze11, Hedervary and Tisza administrations, the last of which he assisted to wreck in 1905. The Emperor-King (the late Francis Joseph) invited Count Andrassy to form a new ministry, but the sovereign firmly declined to make the concessions which Andrassy considered indispensable, the chief of which was the adoption of the Hungarian language of command in the Hungarian por tion of the Dual army. All efforts to form an Andrassy ministry failed; the monarch spent 16 days in Budapest vainly endeavoring to settle the crisis. Count Stephen Tisza, though out of office from 1 Feb. 1905, continued to act as Premier till May, begging to be relieved of the duties. Representing the coalition leaders, Count Adrassy visited the Emperor at Vienna to set' forth the Hungarian program; being told that further military concessions were impossible, he withdrew from the nego tiations, and Baron Fejervary became Premier, but tendered his resignation a few days later. In January 1906 the Emperor and Andrassy met to discuss the claims of the coalition; the terms demanded by the latter were rejected, the Diet was dissolved and the Parliament 'building cleared by troops. In the end Dr. Wekerle returned to power with a coalition or compromise cabinet in which Andrassy became Minister of the Interior, holding the office till September 1909. He was then offered the premiership, but refused it; in 1911 he went over to the opposition in the Chamber. At
the outbreak of the European War Count Stephen Tisza—who with Count Berchtold was largely responsible for Austria's aggressive policy against Serbia— again held the reins of office. Andrassy, Apponyi and Karolyi, the leaders of the so-called "Independence Party,* strongly supported Tisza's war policy; in July 1916, however, a section led by Count Karolyi broke away from that policy, the latter having quarreled with Andrassy and Apponyi. This notable move represented the very first break away from the Teutonic war policy by any non-Socialist party of either of the two dominant Central Powers. President Wilson's reply to the German peace proposals in Feb ruary 1917 led Andrassy to assert in a news paper article that Austria and her allies could not accept any demands which would result in a dismemberment of the Dual Monarchy. He and Count Apponyi interposed a determined "no" when Tisza expressed himself still willing to negotiate for peace with the Allies. In April, Andrassy engineered a movement to boycott Tisza for refusing to consider voting reforms. He scoffed at the Premier's offer of cabinet posts to members of the opposition. Count Apponyi supported the agitation and when, in May 1917, the Emperor Charles re fused his assent to the franchise proposals of Count Tisza, the latter resigned and Andrassy was entrusted with the formation of a new Hungarian cabinet, 29 May 1917.
Count Andrassy is credited with pro-British sentiments; he speaks excellent English, cares nothing for public opinion, and is deeply en grossed at all times in history and constitu tional law. Honesty in politics is said to be a passion with him. He has written a great many newspaper atid magazine articles in French, German and English, as well as in his native tongue, and published two important works, Ausgleich mit Oesterreich vom Jahre 1867' (1897), and The Develop ment of Hungarian Constitutional Liberty,' of which an English translation appeared in Lon don (1908).