ANDREW, John Albion, American states man, the °War Governor° of Massachusetts: b. Windham Me., 31 May 1818; d. Boston, 30 Oct. 1867. He was graduated from Bowdoin College in 1837, and practised law in Boston 1840-61. He was an earnest anti-slavery advo cate and defended the fugitive slaves Shadrach, Burns, and Sims. Elected to the State legisla ture in 1858, was a delegate to the Chicago Con vention in 1860, and being nominated governor was elected by an immense majority. He fore cast the war, announced in his message the in tention to put the State militia on a war foot ing and privately invited co-operation from other governors. On Lincoln's first call for troops, 15 April 1861, he sent them so promptly that on 19 April the 6th Massachusetts shed the first blood of the war in passing through Baltimore, and within a week he had dispatched to the front five regiments of infantry, a bat talion of riflemen and a battery of artillery. In
1862 he urged the national abolition of slavery and the enrolment of colored troops, and in 1863 sent out the first colored regiment, 154th Massachusetts; yet he repeatedly interfered to prevent harrying Southern sympathizers by ar bitrary arrests, and after the war was foremost in urging conciliation and abstinence from vin dictive or humiliating measures. He was re elected regularly till 1866, when he refused fur ther honors from pecuniary grounds and im paired health, continuing his law practice till death. He was a man of great personal charm and oratorical force, intensely sympathetic and humane, and of simple and frank nature. In religion he was a moderate Unitarian, believ ing in Christ's supernatural character, and was president of the first Unitarian National Con vention in 1865.