ALBERTUS MAGNUS, COUNT OF BOLL S TADT, German scholastic philosopher: b. Lan ingen, Suabia, 1206; d. Paris, 25 Nov. 1280. He was educated principally at Padua, where he was instructed in the writings of Aristotle. In 1223 he joined the Dominican order and stud ied theology in the houses of the order at Bo logna and elsewhere. He was appointed lec turer at Cologne, and later taught at Regens burg, Freiburg, Hilderheim and Strassburg. Thomas Aquinas was his pupil at Cologne. He went to Paris in 1245, received the degree of doctor and taught there with great success. He was appointed German Provincial of the Do minicans in 1254 and fulfilled the duties of the office with great care and efficiency, instituting many reforms in the monasteries and defend ing the mendicant orders against the attacks of the University of Paris. At this period he also answered the errors of Averroes, the Arabian philosopher. In 1260 he was appointed bishop of Regensburg by Pope Alexander IV, but re signed this office in 1263. He spent the re
mainder of his life in preaching throughout Bavaria and adjoining districts; in 1270 he preached the 8th Crusade in Austria. He at tended the council of Lyons in 1274, and soon after at Paris publicly defended the orthodoxy of former pupil, Thomas Aquinas. His great literary activity is attested by his works (published in 21 folio volumes by Pierre Jam my, Lyons 1651, and reproduced by the Abbe Borgnet, 36 vols., Paris 1890). He was the most widely read and most learned man of his time. He was the greatest student of Aris totle up to his time. His chemical and me chanical knowledge was remarkable in his age and brought upon him the imputation of sor cery. His best known works are 'Summa de and 'Summa Consult Sighart, J., 'Albertus Magnus, sein Leben and seine (Regensburg 1857; Eng lish trans. by Dixon, London 1876), and Erd man, J. E.,). of Philosophy) (Vol. I, London 1890