Elegy Written In A
Elegy Written In A Country Churchyard, A Poem By Thomas Gray, Often Said To Be The Most Popular Piece Of Verse In The Language. It Is Thought To Have Been Begun At Stoke-poges In 1742, Resumed At Cambridge In 1749 And Finished At Stoke In June Of The Next Year. ...
Element
Element, In Chemistry, A Primary Sub Stance That Cannot Be Decomposed As May Be Done With Compound Substances. The Different Substances Now Admitted By Chem Ists To Be Elements, Together With Those Which Are Tentatively Assumed To Be So, Until Further Evidence Is Accumulated, Number (1918) 82. They Are Aluminum, ...
Elements
Elements, Conscious. As Is The Case With Any Other Process Of Analysis, The Analysis Of Experience Must Disclose Certain Component Factors From Which More Complicated Experi Ences Are Built, And These Are Called Conscious Elements. It Is By No Means Obvious That The Psychical Fragments Which Form The Elements In ...
Elements Of Vocal Expression
Elements Of Vocal Expression. There Are Four Generic Vocal Elements Of Elocution, Namely. Quality, Force, Time And Pitch, All Of Which Are Embodied In Every Utterance, While, In Turn, Every Shade Of Human Expression May Be Traced In Its Various Sub Divisions And Combinations. A Tabular View Of The Vocal ...
Elemi
Elemi, As Commercially Used At The Pres Ent Day, An Oleo-resin Obtained From The Cana Rium Lueonicum Of The Philippine Islands, Also Known As ((manila Elemi." As Found In The Mar Ket It Has The Appearance Of Old Honey, Due To Admixture With Extraneous Material, But When Pure It Is ...
Elephant
Elephant, The Largest Of Living Land Animals, The Two Species Of Which Constitute The Family Elephantide, Of The Sub-order Pro Boscidea. The Better-known Species (elephas Or Evelephas Maximus) Is Native To The Jungles Of India; While The Other Species (elephas Or Loxodon Africanus) Is Found In The Forests Of Africa. ...
Elephant Seal
Elephant Seal, The Largest Of The Hair Seals (macrorhinus Leoninus), Usually Over 20 Feet Long, With A Circumference Of 12 Feet Around The Thickest Part Of The Chest The Female Is Much Smaller Than The Male. In Color This Seal Is Grayish ; Its Body Is Covered With Short Hair, ...
Elephantiasis
Elephantiasis, Properly Speaking, A Peculiar And Rare Disease, Sporadic Or Endemic In Warm Climates, And Characterized By A Chronic Thickening Of The Skin And The Underlying Tissues, Usually Limited To A Definite Area, And Subsequent To An Impairment Of The Lymphatic Circulation. The Disease Is Of Great Antiquity And Exhibits ...
Elephants
Elephants, Fossil. The Present Genus (or Genera) Of Elephant Had Many Now Extinct Representatives In The Pleistocene. Among These The Best Known Is The Hairy Mammoth (q.v.) Of Siberia And Northern North America. The Mammoth Was Smaller Than The Largest Existing Elephants, But A Similar Species, Elephas Columbs, Ranging Over ...
Elevators
Elevators. The Modern Elevator Is A Direct Evolution From The Machine Which Elisha G. Otis Exhibited In 1853 At The World's Fair In The Crystal Palace, New York. Hoists Of Various Kinds Had Been Built Before That Time, But This Was The First Elevator Wherein Provision Was Made For Stopping ...
Eleventh Century
Eleventh Century, The. The 10th Century Is Commonly Said To Have Been An Es Pecially Backward Period In Human Achieve Ment, Due To The Belief Then Prevalent That The World Was Coming To An End In The Year 100a This Superstition Is Supposed To Have Placed An Inhibition Upon Human ...
Elgin
Elgin, Ill., City Of Kane County, 36 Miles West By North Of Chicago, On The Fox River. Two Railroads Supply Adequate Shipping Facili Ties, The Chicago, Milwaukee And Saint Paul And The Chicago And Northwestern. It Is Also The Terminus Of The Aurora, Elgin And Chicago Railway, Which Is A ...
Elgin Marbles
Elgin Marbles, The Name Given To A Peerless Collection Of Antique Sculptures Brought From Athens To England By Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl Of Elgin, In The Early Part Of The 19th Century. While Ambassador At Constanti Nople (1799-1802) He Conceived The Plan Of Securing Some Portion Of The Ruins Of ...
Elie De Beaumont
Elie De Beaumont, Ale De Bo-mon, Jean Baptiste Armand Louis Leonce, French Geologist: B. Canon, France, 25 Sept. 1798; D.. There, 22 Sept. 1874. He Was Educated In The Polytechnic School; Became Professor At The School Of Mines (1829); Professor Of Geology In The College Of France (1833) ; Chief ...
Elijah
Elijah, Whose Name (”ehovah Is God))) Indicates His Mission And His Work, Was One Of The Greatest Prophets Of Israel. His Prophetic Activity Began In The Days Of Ahab Of Israel, And Ended In The Days Of His Son, Ahaziah, Or, As Is On The Whole More Probable, In The ...
Elimination
Elimination. In Mathematics We Often Meet With Instances Where, Given Several State Ments Concerning Several Distinct Quantities, We Wish To Discover Precisely What Is Affirmed Of A Smaller Group Of These Quantities. For Ex Ample, In The Solution Of Simultaneous Equa Tions, Such As Scia Bly Cl= 0 B,y C.-= ...
Eliot
Eliot, Charles William, American Col Lege President And Educator : B. Boston, Mass., 20 March 1834. He Was Graduated From Har Vard In 1853, Was Tutor In Mathematics There 1854-58, And Assistant Professor Of Mathematics And Chemistry In The Lawrence Scientific School, Harvard, 1858-63. After Spending Two Years In Europe ...
Eliot
Eliot, George (the_pseudonym Of Mary Ann Or Marian Evans Cross), The Most Dis Tinguished Of English Women Novelists : B. Ar Bury Farm, Near Nuneaton, Warwickshire, 22 Nov. 1819; D. Chelsea, 22 Dec. 1880. Her Father, Robert Evans, Who Was Of Welsh Extraction, Was Agent On The Estates Of Francis ...
Eliot_2
Eliot, Slit Jolm, English Orator And Statesman: B. Port Eliot, Cornwall, 20 April 1592; D. London, 27 Nov. 1632. He Studied At Exeter, But Did Not Take A Degree. He Then Took Up Law, And Traveled In Europe, Where He Became An Intimate Friend Of George Villiers, Later Duke Of ...
Eliot_3
'eliot, John, American Colonial Mission Ary, "the Indian Apostles : B. Probably At Wid F Ord, Hertfordshire, 1604; D. Roxbury, Mass., 20 May 1690. He Was Graduated At Cambridge In 1622, And, After Taking Orders In The Church Of England, Quitted His Native Country For Con Science's Sake And Landed ...
Elisha
Elisha, A Member Of The Tribe Of Issa Char, A Citizen Of Abel-meholah, Was A Dis Ciple Of Elijah, And His Successor In The Pro Phetic Office. His Prophetic Ministry, Which Was Exercised, As Was That Of Elijah, In Northern Israel, Began In The Reign Of Ahab, And Con Tinued ...
Elizabeth
Elizabeth, Saint, Of Hungary, Daughter Of Andrew Ii, King Of Hungary, And Gertrude, Daughter Of The Duke Of Carinthia: B. Presburg 1207; D. Marburg, 19 Nov. 1231. Early In Life She Displayed A Dislike For Things Worldly, As The Pomp With Which She Was Surrounded, Am Bition, Avlfrice And Vain ...
Elizabeth
Elizabeth, Queen Of England: B. Green Wich, 7 Sept. 1533; D. Richmond, Surrey, 24 March 1603. She Was The Daughter Of Henry Viii And Of Anne I3oleyn. After Her Mother Had Been Beheaded (1536) Both She And Her Sis Ter Mary Were Declared Bastards, But Finally Site Was Placed After ...
Elizabeth Stuart
Elizabeth Stuart, Queen Of Bo Hemia: B. Falkland Palace, Fifeshire, 16 Aug. 1596; D. London, 13 Feb. 1662. She Was A Daughter Of James I Of England And Was Mar Ried To The Palatine Frederick At Whitehall, 14 Feb. 1613. Her Husband Was Then At The Head Of The Protestant ...
Elizabethan Architecture
Elizabethan Architecture, A Style Of Architecture, Which Began To Prevail In England During The Reigns Of Elizabeth And James I. It Was A Mixture Of Inferior Gothic With Debased Italian, Often Very Picturesque, But Without Purity And Unity Of Design. It Was Characterized By Deeply Embayed Windows, Gal Leries Of ...
Ellicott
Ellicott, Andrew, American Astrono Mer And Civil Engineer: B. Bucks County, Pa., 24 Jan. 1754; D. West Point, N. Y., 28 Aug. 1820. His Father Founded The Town Of Ellicott's Mills, Md., Where The Younger Days Of • His Son Andrew Were Devoted To The Study Of The Sciences And ...
Ellipse
Ellipse (lat. Ellipsis, From Gr. Elleikis, Omission), A Plane Curve Of Such A Form That, If From Any Point In It Two Straight Lines Be Drawn To Two Given Fixed Points, The. Sum Of These Straight Lines Will Always Be The Same. The Ellipse Is A Species Of Conic Section ...
Ellis
Ellis, John Willis, American Statesman: B. Rowan County, N. C., 25 Nov. 1820; D. Raleigh, N. C., 1861. He Was Graduated At The University Of North Carolina In 1841, Was Ad Mitted To The Bar In 1842 And Soon Acquired A Large Practice. He Was A Member Of The State ...
Ellwood
Ellwood, Thomas, English Quaker: B. Crowell, Near Thame, Oxfordshire, 1639; D. Amersham, 1 March 1714. About 1660 He Was Induced To Join The Society Of Friends, And Sub Sequently Became Reader To Milton, With Whom He Improved Himself In The Learned Languages, But Was Soon Obliged To Quit London On ...
Elm Insects
Elm-insects. Few Ornamental Trees Are More Subject To The Attacks Of Insects Than Are The Elms, And Especially The American Elm. The European Species Are, However, Attractive To The European Insects, Of Which Many Have Been Brought Over Unintentionally, And Have Spread Remarkably Because Of The Absence Of Their Enemies. ...
Elves 0
Elves (0. Eng., Self; Germ. Alp; Phan Tom, Spirit), Imaginary Creatures Of The North Ern Mythology, Forming, According To Some Classifications, With The Undines, Salamanders And Gnomes, Groups Of Elementary Sprites Identified Respectively With The Water, Fire, Earth And Air. The Elves Are Of The Air, And Have Been More ...
Elwood
Elwood, Ind., City In Madison County, On The Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chicago And Saint Louis And The Lake Erie And Westem Railroads, About 50 Miles Northeast Of Indian Apolis. It Is Surrounded By An Agricultural Re Gion And Is In A Natural-gas Belt. Its Industries Are Chiefly Lumber, Flour, Tin-plate Mills, ...
Elzevir
Elzevir, Arze Vir, Name Of A Notable Family Of Printers Descended From Ludovic Elsevier Or Elzevier, Latinized Elzeverius, A Native Of Louvain: B. 1540; D. 1617. Having Learned The Bookbinders' Trade, He Practised It For Some Years In His Native Town, But In 1580 He Removed To Leyden In The ...
Emancipation
Emancipation, Catholic, The Custom Ary Designation Of A Measure Of Relief From Penalties And Civil Disabilities Granted To Pro Fessors Of The Catholic Religion In England And Ireland By Acts Of The British Parliament 1829: The Act Did Not Extend To Scotland. The Neces Sity Of Granting Relief To The ...
Emancipation Proclamation
Emancipation Proclamation, The Announcement Issued By Abraham Lincoln 1 Jan. 1863 Abolishing Slavery In All Military Sections Of The South Except Those Territories Occupied By Union Arms. The Republican Ad Ministration At The Outbrealc Of The Civil War Was Awkwardly Placed For Dealing With Slavery. To Assail It In Its ...
Emancipation In Ica
Emancipation In Ica, The Manumission Of Slaves In Relation To The Several Declarations Of Independence. In Haiti, Where African Slavery Was First Intro Duced Into America, The Negroes Received As A Gift 'the Full Liberty, Equality, And Fraternity) Of The French Republic In 1794, And By Fighting Established Their Independence ...
Embalming
Embalming, The Art Of Preserving The Body After Death. It Was Probably Invented By The Egyptians, Whose Bodies Thus Prepared For Preservation Are Known As Mummies, But It Also Prevailed Among The Assyrians, Scythian And Persians. It Is At Least As Old As 4000 A.c. The Egyptian Mummies Were Placed ...
Embargo In The United
Embargo In The United States. Prohibition Of Foreign Commerce, To Distress Foreign Countries And Obtain The Revocation Of Hostile Measures; "peaceful War,'" Intended To Be Cheaper Than Actual Warfare And Equally Efficient, But In Fact Injuring Ourselves Deeply And The Others Little, And Ending In Real War At Last. Our ...
Embezzlement 0
Embezzlement (0, Fr. Besiler, To Rifle, Lay Waste) Is The Fraudulent Appropriation, As By A Clerk, Public Officer, Agent Or Other Per Son Of Property Entrusted To Him. It Must Not Be Confounded With Larceny, Which Is The Wrongful Taking And Carrying Away Of The Sonal Property Of Another, With ...
Embroidery
Embroidery, The Art Of Working On An Already Existent Material A Decoration With Needle And Thread. Form And Shading Are Ex Pressed By Means Of Stitches; And It Is Essential In Embroidery That The Stitches Must Be Frankly Visible. Stitches Are Never Concealed, Nor Dis Guised. Stitch Is The Thread ...
Embryology
Embryology, That Branch Of Biological Science' Which Is Concerned With The Develop Ment Of The Organism From The Egg. The Term Is Applied To The Development Of Plants As Well As Animal Organisms, But In The Present Article Qnly The Latter Will Be Considered. Though Every Species Of Metazoan Or ...
Embryology Of Plants
Embryology Of Plants. That Phatse In The Life History Designated As The Em Bryology Begins Within The Fertilized Egg, But Its End Is Not Marked By Any Such Definite Feature. In General, The Embryo Represents The Early Stages In The Development Of An Individual From The Egg. In The Ferns ...
Emden
Emden, Germany, Town, In The Province Of Hanover, On The Ems, Near Where It Dis Charges Itself Into The Dollart Estuary. Emden Has An Excellent Roadstead And Its Harbor Is Connected With This By A Canal Admitting Large Vessels. The Dortmund-ems And Other Canals Connect It With The Interior. The ...
Emerson
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, American Poet And Philosopher: B. Boston, 25 May 1803; D. Concord, Mass., 27 April 1882. The Celebration In 1903 Of The 100th Birthday Of Ralph Waldo Emerson Served As A Meter To Mark How Wide And Deep Was The Influence Which A Single Origi Nal Thinker Gifted ...
Emersons Essays
Emerson's Essays. In 1841 Emerson Published A Volume Which He Called Simply (essays.) When He Published Another Volume Of The Same Kind He Called It Second Series.' So These Two Books — The First And Second Series — May Properly Be Called Erson's The Name, However, May Also Be Taken ...
Emery
Emery, An Impure Variety Of The Mineral Corundum (q.v.), Reddish Brown, Black, Blue Black Or Gray In Color And Next To The Diamond The Hardest Mineral Known But Is Not Crystal Lized. It Consists Of Nearly Pure Alumina (65 To 75 Per Cent) And Oxide Of Iron And A Small ...
Emigration
Emigration, The Removal Of The Popula Tion Of A Country Or Region For The Purpose Of Settling Elsewhere. Within The United States The Movement Of Population From The Eastern States To The Western, Or From The Northern To The Southern Is Properly Termed Emigration, But No Statistics Are Kept As ...
Emile
Emile. After All Deductions Have Been Made Rousseau's (emile) Or (1762) Remains Our Most Important Treatise On Educa Tion. It Is So, Not Necessarily Because Its Prin Ciples Are Sound Or Its Logic Always Convincing, But Because It Is A Clear And Unequivocal State Ment Of A Theory Formulated By ...
Eminent Domain
Eminent Domain, The Power Of The State To Appropriate Private Property For Pub Lic Use On Payment Of Just Compensation To The Owner. A Superior Right Of Property Subsists In A Sovereignty, By Which Private Property May, In Certain Cases, Be Taken, Or Its Use Controlled For The Public Benefit, ...
Emma
Emma. From The Time Of Its Publication In 1816, This Has Been One Of The Most Highly Re Garded Of The Novels That Jane Austen Wrote. It Is The Fruit Of Matured Artistry, Meditated Observation And Ripened Judgment. The Plot Involves Rather More Strands Than Is Customary In Her Work, ...
Emotion
Emotion, A Complex Mental State Inti Mately Associated With Our Actions And With Extensive And Often Sudden Physiological Changes. Among The More Familiar Emotions Are Fear, Anger, Hate, Joy, Love, Pity, Pride, Shame, Grief, Awe, Contempt And Surprise. They Almost Invariably Seem To Involve All The Fol Lowing Factors : ...
Empedocles
Empedocles, Greek Philosopher : B. Agrigentum, Sicily, About 460 B.c His Fellow Citizens Esteemed Him So Highly That They Wished To Make Him King; But Being An Enemy To All Political Forms Which Elevate A Few Above Their Fellows, He Refused Their Offer, And Prevailed On Them To Abolish Aristocracy ...
Empedocles On Etna
Empedocles On Etna Is A Dramatic Poem By Matthew Arnold, Based On Legendary Accounts Of A Greek Philosopher Who Lived In Agrigentum, Sicily, In The 5th Century Before Christ. Thesinterest Of The Drama Centres In The Philosophical Despair Of Empedocles And His Suicide, Which He Accomplishes By Leaping Into The ...
Emperor
Emperor, The Title Of The Highest Rank Of Sovereigns. The Word Imperator, From Im Perere, To Command, Had Very Different Meanings Among The Romans At Different Periods. It Sig Nified One Who Exercised Impertum Authority, Whether In A Civil Or Military Capacity. In The Time Of The Republic Consuls Were ...
Empiricism
Empiricism (greek, Empeiria, Trial, Ex Perience, From The Adjective Empeirps, Which Means Expert, Or Experienced In). The Philo Sophical View That Experience Is The Source And The Criterion Of All Knowledge; The Theory That All Knowledge Is Derived From Material Or Data Existing In The Form Of Particular States Of ...
Employers Associations
Employers' Associations, Com Binations Of Business Establishments For The Pur Pose Of Dealing With Or Fighting Labor Organiza Tions. They Are A Special Form Of Capitalistic Organization, Exclusive Of Those General Com Binations (see Combination, Industrial) Which Have Been Formed To Advance The Political, Commercial Or Legal Interests Of Employers. ...
Employers Liability
Employers' Liability, A Term Gen Erally Used To Denote The Liability Of Employers For Injuries Inflicted Upon Workmen In Their Em Ploy. In Many States Workmen Injured In The Course Of Their Ernployment Can Recover Damages From Their Employers Only If The Employers Be Proved Guilty Of Negligence And If ...
Employment
Employment M4naqer. The Profession Of Employment Manager Has Within The Past Few Years Come To Be Recognized As One Of The Most Vital Factors In Industry. Ten Years Ago,, Workmen Were Hired By Foremen Or Clerks Simply Because They Happened To Apply For Jobs That Were Vacant But Without Regard ...
Employment Bureaus
Employment Bureaus, Establish Ments, Whether Private Or Public, At Which Those Seeking Employment Are Put Into Communication With Those Who Are Offering It. Private Em Ployment Bureaus Are Found In Every Large City, But They Are Often Conducted Without Judgment, Sometimes Have Been Accused Of Dishonesty, In Many Cases Are ...
Employment Management
Employment Management. Em Ployment Management Embraces The Work Of Re Cruiting, Placing, Retaining And Discharging The Working Force. This Modern Method Of Handling Personnel Problems Was Inaugurated By One Or Two Employers Of Labor A Compara Tively Few Years Ago, But The Plan Quickly Dem Onstrated Its Value So Clearly ...
Empyreuma
Empyreuma, Em-pi-roo'rn4 (gr. "a Live Coal Preserved In Ashes") The Smell Acquired By Organic Matter When Subjected To The Action Of Fire, But Not Enough To Carbonize It Entirely. The Products Of Imperfect Combustion, As From Wood Heated In Heaps Or Distilled In Close Ves Sels,. Are Frequently Distinguished As ...
Ems Dispatch
Ems Dispatch. The Historical Designa Tion Of The Communication Which Precipitated The Franco-german War Of 1870-71. The His Tory Of The Famous Ems Telegram, With The Texts Of The Original Dispatch, Is As Follows: Isabella, Queen Of Spain, Deposed In 1868, Formally Abdicated 25 June 1870, And The Span Ish ...
Emser
Emser, 'em'z4r, Hieronymus, German Roman Catholic Theologian: B. Ulm, 26 March 1472; D. Dresden, 8 Nov. 1527. In 1502 He Be Came Professor At The University Of Erfurt, Where Luther Is Said By Him To Have Been Among His Pupils. In 15n He Established Him Self At Leipzig, Where He ...
Emulsin
Emulsin Glucase), A Mixture Of Closely Related Enzymes Which Hydrolyze The 8 Glucosides. It Contains A B-glucase Proper, A Cyanase, An Amygdalase And A Lactase. It Is Found In Many Seeds And Especially In The Bitter Almond, But Also In The Sweet Almond And The Kernel Of The Cherry Pit ...
Enamels And Enameling
Enamels And Enameling. The Term Enamel Is Used For Certain Siliceous Com Pounds Employed For Coating Metals. They Are, In Every Sense Of The Word, Glass, Either Trans Parent, Opaque, White Or Colored. The Art Is A Very Ancient One, Some Claiming It Originated With The Scythians, Who Are Said ...
Enchanters Nightshade
Enchanter's Nightshade, A Name Common To Plants Of The Genus Circea, Belonging To The Family Onagracea, Of Which There Are Three American Species, C. Lutetiana, C. Pacific° And C. Al Ina. The First Is About A Foot And A Half High, And Has Delicate Ovate Leaves, Small Whiteflowers Tinged With ...