ENGINE INDUSTRY. Notwithstanding the wonderfully rapid development of water power and of the internal combustion engine, the steam engine holds its own in the industries of the world. The total steam engine horse power used in manufacturing in the United States, which was 8,139,574 in 1900, rose to 14,199,339 in the 1910 census. Seven great industries utilize 56 per cent of the horse power employed in manufacturing in this coun try, and 76 per cent of the power they use is based on the steam engine. The industries meant are lumber, steel works and rolling mills, paper and pulp. mills, cotton factories,. blast furnaces, foundries aild machine shops and grist mills. In only one of the seven— the paper and pulp industry, which requires large quantities of water -for dissolving pulp— is steam power less used than water power. The fourteen million horse power quoted. does not by any means represent the total employment of steam engine power in the country, but only such as the census gathers as reported by manu facturers. It does not cover steam engine power used on vessels, nor used in mines and quarries, nor its vast employment in the locomotives that do most of the haulage on the railways, nor a number of minor uses. These are reported in other ways, or escape enumeration. The best
way of measuring the steam engine industry is to note that 450,000.000 long tons of coal are used in the United States every year, and it is estimated that at least 350,0(X),000 tons of this is consumed under boilers to make steam. Evi dently while the coal holds out the steam engine is going to continue the favorite power-producer, because it can be located anywhere and its cost is moderate. Even the electric railway lines around New York city and the electric light and power companies. there, base their power en tirely on the steam engine.
There are no complete fisrures of the engine industry because it is so completely interwoven with other activities that it cannot be separated. Thousands of raachinery rnanufacturers build steam engines, which are part of this or that special industry, often being for their own use. The internal combustion engines alone are mixed up with 20 different industries from automobiles to blast furnaces and a vast num ber of engines are built direct-connected to dynamos and credited to the electrical indus tries. See INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE; GAS ENGINE; STEAM AND STEAM ENGINES; LOCOMOTIVE; LOCOMOTIVE INDUSTRY ; AUTOMO BILE ENGINE; AEROPLANE