Endemic
Endemic (gr. Among The People), A Name Often Applied To Diseases Which Attack The Inhabitants Of A Particular District Or Country, And Have Their Origin In Some Local Cause, As The Physical Character Of The Place Where They Prevail, Or In The Employments, Hab Its And Mode Of Living Of ...
Endocrinopathies
Endocrinopathies. Diseases Or Disorders Of Growth Or Adjustment Due To Dis Turbances Of The Endocrinous Glands, Or Glands Of Internal Secretion. The Early Mechanistic Conceptions Concerning The Push That Lies Be Hind The Metabolism Of The Human Body Have Slowly And Gradually Undergone Modification Until The Importance Of A Number ...
Endymion
Endymion. Keats Was 23 When, In April 1818, He Published His First Long Poem, (endymion.) The Young Poet, In Love No Less With The Beauty Of His Native England Than With `the Beautiful Mythology Of Greece,° Incarnated In The Poem His Own Passionate Seeking For The Soul Of Beauty In ...
Enemata
Enemata, Fluid Substances Passe° Into The Rectum And Large Intestines For Cleansing, For Medication Or For Nutrient Purposes. For The Treatment Of Chronic Constipation, Enemata Of Cold Or Hot Water, Water And Soapsuds, Water And Glycerine, Are Found To Be Of Great Service. Almost Any Remedial Substance Capable Of Solu ...
Enemy
Enemy, In International Law, A Nation At War With Another. The Term Includes The Nation As A Whole, And Also Individuals Belong Ing To The Latter. A State Of War Must Exist Before States Assume Toward Each Other The Position Of Enemies. By International Law The Status Of An Enemy ...
Enemy Alien Problems
Enemy Alien Problems. In Early Times It Was The Practice Of Belligerent Govern Ments Upon The Outbreak Of War To Arrest The Citizens Or Subjects Of The Enemy Power Resid Ing Within Their Jurisdiction, To Confiscate Their Property And Sometimes To Expel Them Sum Marily From The Country. In The ...
Energetics
Energetics. In Physics, Mechanics And Chemistry, Energetics Is The Science That Treats' Of Energy And Its Transformations —"energy* Being Defined As That Attribute Of A Body, Or Of A Material System, By Virtue Of Which The Body Or System Can Do Mechanical Work; And "works Being Simultaneously Defined As The ...
Enfantin
Enfantin, On-f Barthelemy Prosper, French Socialist Of The Saint-simon School: B. Paris, 8 Feb. 1796; D. There, 31 May 1864. He Was The Son Of A Paris Banker, And After Studying For Some Years At The Ecole Polytechnique Went Into Business. After Trav Eling Extensively For A Number Of Years ...
Enfleurage
Enfleurage, Oft-fle-razh, In Perfume Making, The Method Of Extracting By Contact And Absorption The Scents Of Flowers Used For Perfumery. For This Purpose Wooden Frames Containing Glass Smeared With Pure Grease Are Filled With Flowers, Which Are Allowed To Remain From One To Six Days. The Grease Gradually Absorbs The ...
Engelmann
Engelmann, George, American Bot Anist: B. Frankfort-on-the-main, 2 Feb. 1809; D. Saint Louis, Mo., 4 Feb. 1884. He Studied Medicine At The Universities Of Heidelberg, Ber Lin And Wiirzburg, Receiving The Degree Of M.d. From The Last-named Institution In 1831. The First Half Of 1832 He Spent In Study At ...
Enghien
Enghien, Louis Antoine Henri De Bourbon, Duke. Of, French Prince: B. Chan Tilly, 2 Aug. 1772; Vincennes, France, 21 March 1804. He Was The Only Son Of Louis Henri Joseph Conde, Duke Of Bourbon. From 1796 To 1799 He Commanded With Distinguished Merit The Vanguard Of Conde's Army, Which Was ...
Engine
Engine. A Motor Or Prime Mover Which Is Capable Of Utilizing Natural Forces, Such As The Pressure Of Steam Or The Expansion Of A Gas, And Converting Those Forces Into Mechan Ical Energy In The Form Of Motion, Which May Be Employed For Doing Mechanical Work, Thus Distinguishing It From ...
Engine Industry
Engine Industry. Notwithstanding The Wonderfully Rapid Development Of Water Power And Of The Internal Combustion Engine, The Steam Engine Holds Its Own In The Industries Of The World. The Total Steam Engine Horse Power Used In Manufacturing In The United States, Which Was 8,139,574 In 1900, Rose To 14,199,339 In ...
Engineer Corps
Engineer Corps, A Branch Of The Service Of The United States Navy; And Of Those Of Other Countries. The First Step Toward The Organization Of An Engineer Corps In The United States Navy Was Taken On 2 July 1836, When C. H. Haswell (q.v.) Was Appointed Chief Engineer Of The ...
Engineering
Engineering Is, In Its Strict Sense, The Art Of Designing, Constructing, Or Using Engines, But The Word Is Now Applied In A More Extended Sense, Not Only To That Art, But To That Of Execut Ing Such Works As Are The Objects Of Civil And Military Architecture, In Which Engines ...
Engineering Instruments
Engineering Instruments. To Attempt A Definition Of An Engineering Ment Is Hardly Practicable. As The Wide Range Of Departments Into Which The Profession Is Now Divided Demands So Many Special Appliances For Their Requirements That No One Description Is Possible And An Extended Catalogue Is Inad Missible Within The Limits ...
Engineers
Engineers, Corps Of, A Branch Of The United States Army Which Takes Charge Of The Construction And Repair Of Fortifications, Both Temporary And Permanent, Military Reconnoiter Ing And Surveying, The Selection And Planning Of Camp Sites, The Construction And Maintenance Of Roads, Railroads, Bridges, Storehouses, Etc., And Divers Other Technical ...
England
England, John, American Catholic Prel Ate: B. Cork, Ireland, 23 Sept. 1786; D. Charles Ton, S. C., 11 April 1842. He Was Educated In The Schools Of Cork And Studied Law For Two Years, But In 1803 Entered The Theological Col Lege Of Carlow. Here His Progress In His Studies ...
England
England, Including Wales, The South Ern And Larger Portion Of The Island Of Great Britain, Is Situated Between Lat. 50° And 46' N. And Long. 1° 46' E. And 42' W. Eng Land Covers 42 Per Cent, And Wales 6 Per Cent, Together 48 Per Cent Of The Whole Area ...
English
English, Thomas Dunn, American Au Thor: B. Philadelphia, Pa., 29 June 1819; D. Newark, N. J., 1 Apnl 1902. He Was Gradu Ated In Medicine At The University Of Pennsyl Vania In 1839. In 1842 He Was Admitted To The Bar. From 1844-52 And 1857-59 He Engaged In Journalism In ...
English Architecture
English Architecture. The Ear Liest Architecture Of England (not Including The Megalithic Remains At Stonehenge, Avebury, Etc., Whose Date And History Are Still In Con Troversy And Which Can Hardly Be Classed As Architecture) Dates From The Roman Occupation, Which Has Left Many Remains Of Walls, Villa% And Baths (bath, ...
English Chronicles
English Chronicles. The Writing Of English Chronicles Begins With The 'anglo Saxon Chronicle' The Earliest English History Written In The English Language, And The Ear Liest Vernacular Record Of National Events In Modern Europe. The 'chronicle Opens With The Christian Era, Combining In Its Earlier Parts Records Of Roman, Christian ...
English Language
English Language. The English Language Is A Direct Development Of The Anglo Saxon,. A Circumstance Which Makes It Question Able Whether The Latter Speech Ought To Be Dis Tinguished By A Separate Name. But Although A Direct Development Of The Anglo-saxon, It Is Not A Development Which Has Been Allowed ...
English Literature
English Literature. The Norman Conquest Made A Great Change In The Develop Ment Of An English Literature, As In All Other Forms Of English Life. Conditions Were At First Most Unfavorable: The English Language Might Be Used By Any Who Pleased, But The Clergy Naturally Used Latin, And People Of ...
English Mail Coach
English Mail Coach, The. Thomas De Quincey's 'the English Mail. Coach' Consists Of Three Sections, The First Of Which Appeared In Blackwood's Edinburgh Macy:t Rine In October 1849, With The Added Title, 'on The Glory Of Motion,' And With No Intima Tion That More Was To Follow. In December Appeared ...
English_2
English, William Hayden, American Capitalist: B. Lexington, Ind., 27 Aug. 1822; D. Indianapolis, Ind., 7 Feb. 1896. He Was Edu Cated At Hanover College, Indiana, And Ad Mitted To The Bar In 1840. However, He Soon Became Interested In Politics, Gave Up The Prac Tice Of Law, And Successively Held ...
Engrailed
Engrailed, A Heraldic Term Uscd To Designate A Line Made Up Of Concave Semi-cir Cles. See Heraldry. Engftavings. For Humanity's Great Indebtedness To The Art Of Pictorial Reproduc Tion It Would Be Difficult To Claim Too Much. Next In Irnportance To The Art Of Printing, As. An Aid In The ...
Engrossing
Engrossing, In Law, An Act Which, On Statute Books, When The Natural Laws Of Trade Were Little Understood, And Political Economy Not Even Guessed At, Was Set Down As A Crime. It Consisted In Something Similar To What Now Adays Is Known As The Market* By Buying Up The Crops ...
Enid
Enid, Okla., City And County-seat Of Gar Field County, 361/2 Miles North By East Of King Fisher And 88 Miles By Rail West By North Of Okla Homa City, On The Chicago, Rock Island And Pacific, The Atchison, Topeka And Santa Fe, And The Saint Louis And San Francisco Rail ...
Enlistment
Enlistment, A Contract Between A Gov Ernment And An Individual, In Accordance With Which The Latter Voluntarily Assumes The Duties Of A Soldier In Return For Which The Government Assures Him A Soldier's Rights, Pay And Allow Ances. It Differs From Ordinary Contracts For Services In That It Involves A ...
Ennemoser
Ennemoser, Joseph, Aus Trian Medico-philosophic. Writer: B. Raben Stein, Tyrol, 15 Nov. 1787; D. Egern, Bavaria, 19 Sept. 1854. He Fought In The Rising Of The Tyrolese Against The French In 1809, Acting As Secretary To Its Famous Leader, Andreas Hofer. Previous To This He Had Begun The Study Of ...
Ennius
Ennius, Quintus, Latin Poet: B. Rudia, Near Brundusium, 239 B.c. ; D. 169 B.c. When He Was 38 Cato The Censor Brought Him To Rome, Where He Soon Gained The Friendship Of The Most Distinguished Men And Instructed The Young Men Of Rank In Greek. With An Extensive Knowledge Of ...
Enoch
Enoch, Books Of. According To Gen. V 21-23, Enoch Lived 365 Years, And He Walked With God And Disappeared, For God Took He Is Supposed To Be Identical With The Seventh Of The 10 Antediluvian Kings In Berosus (eue Dorachus), The Enmeduranki Of K 2486, 4364. The Seventh King In ...
Entail
Entail, The Settlement Of An Estate So That It Shall Pass According To A Certain Rule Of Descent. In England After The Norman Con Quest Estates Were Frequently Granted To A Man And The Heirs Of His Body, But In Time The Law Courts Interpreted Such Grants As Conferring A ...
Enteritis
Enteritis, An Inflammation Of The Small Intestine, The Most Important Symptom Of Which Is Diarrhcea. Different Varieties Of Enteritis Are Described As Catarrhal Enteritis, The Acute Entero Colitis Of Children, Or Cholera Infantum, Croup Ous Enteritis, And Enteritis Due To Tuberculosis, Carcinoma, And Other Malignant Diseases. In Primary Enteritis The ...
Enterprise
Enterprise, The, The Name Of A Number Of American And English Boats, The Most Famous Of Which Was An American 12-gun Schooner With Such A Brilliant Career That She Became Known As The "lucky Little Enterprise.° Built 1799 To Deal With The French Privateers In The West Indies, She Had ...
Entomological Societies
Entomological Societies. Half A Century Ago A Single Entomological Society Was All That Had Been Organized In The United States, But At Present There Are Probably Up Ward Of A Score Of Organizations Devoted To This Science. The First Entomological Society Of Which We Have Record Was Formed In 1842. ...
Entomology
Entomology, Economic. Attacks By Insects Upon Useful Plants Doubtless Began With The First Cultivation Of Plants; But It Was Not Until The End Of The 18th Century That Any Means For Mitigating Their Ravages Were Em Ployed Beyond Hand Methods And Other Purely Mechanical Measures. A Few Crude Efforts Were ...
Entomostraca
Entomostraca, One Of The Two Great Sub-classes Of Cnistacea (the Other Is Malacos Traca), Including Minute Forms; The °water Fleas, Having A Horny Shell Of Many Pieces, A Well-developed Cephalo-thorax, Mandible And Three Pairs Of Maxillae, Five Pairs Of Thoracic Feet But No Abdominal Feet And No Gills, Breath Ing ...
Entrecasteaux
Entrecasteaux, Joseph Antoine Bruni D', French Navigator: B. Aix 1739; D. At Sea, Near The Island Of Java, 20 July 1793. He Entered The French Naval Serv Ice In 1754, Gradually Rose To The Position Of Commandant Of The French Fleet In The East Indies (1786), And In 1787 Became ...
Envelope
Envelope, A Paper Case, Sealable By Means Of An Adhesive Flap Or Other Means, And Used For Enclosing Letters Or Other Matter. It Has Not Been Established Definitely By Whom And Where Envelopes Were Invented, But They Seem To Have Been Used First In France, Possibly As Early As The ...
Enver Pasha
Enver Pasha, Turldsh Soldier And War Minister: B. Constantinople About 1880. Of Aristocratic Descent, He Was Educated For The Army And Saw His First Active Service In Mace Donia Against The Serb And Bulgar Komitadjis. He Was One Of The Prime Movers In The Young Turk Revolution Of 1908. Stationed ...
Enzyme
Enzyme (gr. Aleavened”, Any Of The Unorganized Ferments, Such As Diastase, Cytase, Trypsin, Etc., Which Induce Fermentive Changes In Organic Substances. It Was Formerly Thought That These °unorganized* Ferments Might Be Essentially Different In Their Action From The So Called Ferments, Such As The Yeasts, Molds And Bacteria; But It ...
Eocene
Eocene, E'6-sen, A Subdivision Of Geo Logical Time. Lyell In 1833 First Used The Term Eocene (dawn Of The Recent) For The Earliest Of His Three Subdivisions Of The Tertiary. The Term Found Favor Quickly Since Early Tertiary Life Differed Greatly From Late Cretaceous. To Ward The Close Of Cretaceous ...
Eon De Beaumont
Eon De Beaumont, A-oti Cle Charles Genevieve Lou's Auguste Andre Thnothere D' (called Till 1777, Chevalier D'eon), French Writer, Military Officer, Diplomatist And Publicist: B. Tonnerre, 5 Oct. 1728; D. London, 21 May 1810. His Brilliant Qualities Enabled Him To Act A Conspicuous Part In The World, But He Gained ...
Eothen
Eothen, Alexander William Kinglake, Later Known As The Historian Of The Crimean War, Made About 1835, Three Years After His Graduation From Cambridge, A Tour Through Turkey, Egypt And The Holy Land. In 1844 After He Had Twice Rewritten His Manuscript He Published A Narrative Of His Eastern Experi Ence ...
Eotvos
Eotvos, Et'vesh, Joseph, Baron Von, Hungarian Statesman And Author: B. Ofen, 13 Sept. 1813; D. Pesth, 3 Feb. 1871. He Was Edu Cated By Private Tutors, Especially The Well Known Hungarian Patriot And Liberal Pruzsinsky, Who Gained A Powerful Mental Influence Over Him And Was Primarily Responsible For The Lib ...
Epacts
Epacts (gr. Aadditions”, In Ecclesiastical Chronology, A Set Of 19 Numbers Used For Fixing The Date Of Easter And Other Church Festivals, By Indicating The Age Of The Moon At The Be Ginning Of Each Civil Year In The Lunar Cycle At The Reformation Of The Calendar In 1582 It ...
Epaminondas
Epaminondas, E-pam"in-on'das, The Ban General And Statesman: B. About 418 B.c.: D. Mantineia, Arcadia, Greece, 362 B.c. He Was Distinguished For The Friendship, Existing Between Him And Pelopidas, Whose Life He Had Saved In 385 At Mantineia. He Was Sent To Sparta 371 B.c. To Represent Thebes In Negotiat Ing ...
Epaulet
Epaulet, Epl-let, An Ornamental Badge Consisting Of A Fringe Hanging Over The Shoul Der, Worn In The English Army Up To 1855, And Still Worn In The English Navy By All Ranks Above Lieutenant. Epaulets Were Not Partially Discarded By The United States Army Until 1872, When None But General ...
Ephesians
Ephesians, Epistle To The. Addressed To °the Saints That Are At [ephesus? By Paul The Apostle When A Roman Prisoner (i, 1; Iii, 1 ; Iv, 1; Vi, 20), Linked In Time And Place Of Composition With °colossians" And °philemon" By The Mention Of The Same Bearers, Tychicus Uof Asia" ...
Ephesus
Ephesus, Ere-siis, Asia Minor, A Greek City Of Lydia; One Of The 12 Ionian Cities; Near The Mouth Of The River Caystrus, Now Called Kutshuk Mendre. Ephesus Is Now Represented By The Village Of Ayasoluk, About 36 Miles From Smyrna, On The Railroad To Aidin. After Be Longing To The ...
Ephesus_2
Ephesus, Council Of, The Third General Council Of The Roman Catholic Church, Held At Ephesus In June 431, Principally To Oppose The Heresy Of Nestorius, Patriarch Of Constantinople. It Was Convoked By The Emperor Theodosius Ii At The Instance Of Pope Celestine I And Many Catholic Bishops. Cyril, Bishop Of ...
Ephod
Ephod, Commonly Believed To Have Been A Species Of Vestment Woven Of Gold, Blue, Pur Le, Scarlet, And Fine Twined Linen, Worn By The Jewish High-priest. According To Exodus Xxviii, 6 Ff. And Xxxix, 2 Ff. It Consisted Of Two Main Pieces, One Covering The Back, The Other The Breast ...
Ephraim
Ephraim, Efra-im, According To Gen. Xli, 50-52, The Younger Son Of Joseph And Of Asenath And The Founder Of One Of The 12 Tribes Of Israel. The Tribe Occupied One Of The Finest And Most Fruitful Territories Of Palestine; In The Very Centre Of The Land, And Included The Most ...
Ephrata
Ephrata, Pa., Township And Borough In Lancaster County; On The Philadelphia And Reading Railroad, About 50 Miles Northwest Of Philadelphia. It Is An Agricultural And Mining Region With Forests Nearby. It Is A Health Re Sort And Has Manufactories Of Cigars, Silk, Underwear And Hosiery. The Borough Owns Its Waterworks ...
Epicharmus
Epicharmus, Greek Philosopher And Comic Poet: B. Cos, About 540 B.c. ; D. 450 B.c. He Lived At Syracuse, And There Wrote His Cele Brated Comedies, Now Lost. Their Number Is Reckoned At 52, And The Titles Of 35 Of Them Have Been Preserved. Very Little Is Known Def Initely ...
Epictetus
Epictetus, Stoic Philosopher: B. Hiera Polis, Phrygia, About 60 A.d. He Lived At Rome, Where He Was The Slave Of Epaphroditus, A Brutal Freedman Of Nero, Whose Abuse And Mal Treatment He Bore With Fortitude. He Was Later Manumitted. Epictetus Himself Did Not Leave Any Written Account Of His Doctrines, ...
Epicureanism
Epicureanism. Epicureanism As A Philosophical Doctrine Has Its Rise In The Teach Ings Of Its Founder Epicurus, Who Was Borne In 1 Samos In The Year 342 Or 341 R.c. He Was The Son Of Neocles And Chnrestrata. His Father's Name Being The Same As That Of The Great States ...
Epicurus
Epicurus, Ep-i-lccfrus, Greelc Philoso Pher : B. Samos 341 Lc.; D. Athens 270 Ex. He Went To Athens 323 B.c., Where He Is Said To Have Enjoyed The Instructions Of Xenocrates, Then At The Head Of The Academy, But This He Himself Does Not Admit. Epicurus Generally Denied His Obligations ...
Epidemiology
Epidemiology, The Study Of Epidemics Or The Science That Treats Of Those Diseases That Are Known To Attack A Number Of Persons At The Same Time Or In Close Succession. The Es Sential Feature Is That Epidemic Diseases Belong To A Group Of Infective Or Microparasitic Mala Dies Which Have ...
Epigram
Epigram. The Greek Noun From Which The Word Epigram Comes Was Originally Used To Denote A Prose Inscription On A Temple, Tomb, Statue, Votive-offering To A God Or The Like. Conciseness And Brevity Were, Therefore, Essen Tial Qualities. To Give Pleasure To The Ear And Help The Memory, The Greeks ...
Epilepsy
Epilepsy. Epilepsy Is No Longer Used As A Definite Disease Name But Rather As A Sym Bolic Term Under Which Are Grouped A Great Variety Of Conditions Presenting A General Re Semblance. These Are Sudden And Relatively Transient Attacks Accompanied Usually Bx Dis Turbances Of Consciousness Called Variously °faints," °absences,) ...
Epileptic Colonies
Epileptic Colonies. The Treatment And Care Of Epileptics In Special Institutions May Be Said To Be One Of The Developments Of Applied Philanthropy Of Distinctly Recent Origin. By The Founding Of Epileptic Colonies Is Meant The Setting Apart Of Distinct Tracts Of Ground For Buildings And For The Exclusive Care ...
Epileptic Constitution
Epileptic Constitution. The Epileptic Constitution, Or Makeup, Has Long Been Recognized As The Mental Stigma Of Essen Tial Epilepsy Itself. Only Recently Have Studies Disclosed That The Main Tenets Of Such A Char Acter Are Present Years Before The Nervous Disorder Of Epilepsy, As Such, Is Shown In Fits. Indeed, ...
Epileptic Psychosis
Epileptic Psychosis. In The Older Descriptive Neurological Concepts, This Indicated A Mental Complex Accompanying Epilepsy. It Was Characterized By A Certain Degree Of Men Tal Deterioration, As Shown In The Impairment Of Intellect And Memory, By Impulsiveness, Men Tal Irritability, Loss Of Moral Sense And Partial Or Complete Loss Of ...
Epinay
Epinay, Ii-pe-na!, Madameile La Live D' (louise Florence Petronille Tardieu D'es Clavelles) , French Writer: B. Valenciennes 11 March 1726: D. Paris, 17 April 1783. She Was The Daughter Of M. Tardieu Desclavelles, An Officer Of High Rank, Governor Of Valen Ciennes And Married Her Cousin D'epinay. But His Extravagance ...