FAHRENHEIT, fa'ren-hit, Gabriel Daniel, German physicist: b. Dantzic, 14 May 1686; d. Amsterdam, 16 Sept. 1736. He settled in Hol land, where in 1720 he first conceived the idea of using quicicsilver instead of alcohol in thermometers—a discovery by which the ac curacy of the instrument was very much im proved. He took, as the limit of the greatest cold, that which he had observed at Dantzic in the winter of 1709. The space between the point to which the quicicsilver fell at this tem Ceramique nivernaise' (Clamecy 1901); Fil lon, B., (L'Art de Terre chez les Poitevins' (Niort 1864) ; Foville, J. de, (Les Della Rob bia) (Paris 1910) ; Forestie, E., 'Les anciennes faienceries de Montauban, Ardus, Negrepelisse, Auvillar, etc.' (Montauban 1876) ; Fraisse, du, de Vernines, (Parallele des Oeuvrages de Po terie d'Auvergne, anciens et modernes' (Paris 1874) ; Frantz, H., (French Pottery and Porce lain' (London 1906); Gasnault, P., and Gar nier, E., (French Pottery' (London 1884) ; Gerspach, 'Documents sur les anciennes faienceries francaises' (Paris 1891) ; • Grange, G., (Histoire de la manufacture de faience de Clermont-Ferrand' (Clermont-Ferrand 1882); Grasset, de la Faiencerie de La Charite-sur-Loire' (Paris 1876); Houdry, (Histoire de la ceramique (Paris 1861 ; Joly, A., (Paul-Louis Cyffle) (Nancy 1864 ; Lambert, G., (Traits pratique de la
fabrication des faiences fines' (Paris 1865); L'Aulnoit, H. de, (Essai de la Faience de Douai, dites Gres Anglais' (Lille 1882) ; Leader Scott, 'Della Robbia and other Sculptors' (London 1883) ; Lejeal, A., 'Recherches his toriques sur les manufactures de faience et de porcelain de Valenciennes' (Valenciennes 1868); Le Men, R. F., 'La manufacture de faience de Quimper' (Quimper 1875) ; Loche, Comte de, (Notice sur la fabrique de faience de la Forest' (Chambery 1880); Mareschal, A. A., 'La faience populaire du XVIII siecle' (Paris 1872) ; Michel, E., 'Essai sur l'histoire des faiences de Lyon' (Lyons 1876) ; Musset, G., 'Les faiences rochelaises) (La Rochelle 1:.:•:) ; Pier, G. C., (Pottery of the Near East' (New York 1909) ; Solon, L. M. E., His tory and Description of Old French Faience' (London 1903); Tainturier, A., (Recherches sur les anciennes manufactures de porcelain et de faience d'Alsace et de Lorraine' (Strass burg 1868) ; Thor& (Les anciennes fabriques de faience et de porcelaine . . . de Sceaux' (Paris 1868) ; Vailliant, V. J., (Les ceramistes boulonnais' (Boulogne 1899); Wallis, H., 'Persian Lustre Vases' (London 1899); War mont, 'Recherches historiques sur les faiences de Sinceny, Rouy et Optes) (Paris 1864).