FERRARI, Giuseppe, Italian philosopher and historian: b. Milan, Italy, 7 March 1812; d. Rome, 1 July 1876. He was graduated at the University of Pavia in 1831 and became a fol lower of the philosophical ideas of Romagnosi and Vico. In 1835 he brought out a complete edition of the latter's works, 'Opere di G. B. Vico' (6 vols., Milan). Soon after this he went to Paris where he published in French 'Vico et 'Italic' (Paris 1839) ; 'La Nouvelle Religion de Campanella' (Paris 1840); (La Theorie de l'Erreur' (Paris 1840). In 1840 he was given a doctor's degree by the Sorbonne and was made professor of philosophy at the University of Rocheford. His liberal views, however, in a short time brought about his dismissal, a condition which resulted also soon after his appointment to the chair of philosophy at the University of Strassburg in 1842. A third professorship at Bourges was also of short duration. Finally, in 1859, he returned to Italy and became professor of philosophy suc cessively at the universities of Turin, Milan and Rome. In politics he was a radical and strongly opposed to Cavour and the monarchial idea. For some years he was a member of the
Chamber of Deputies. He also served on the council of education and, in 1876, was made a senator. Besides works already mentioned his writings include sur la Politique de Platon et d'Aristote' (Paris 1842) ; (Machiavel Juge des Revolutions de mitre Temps' (Paris 1849) ; 'La Federazione Repubblicana' (Capo lago 1851); (La Filosofia della Rivoluzion0 (Capolago 1851); (L'Italia dopo Colpo di Statcd (Capolago 1852); (Histoire des Revo lutions d'Italie, ou Gnelfes et Gibelins' (3 vols., Paris 1858; Milan 1871-73) ; (Histoire de la Raison d'ttat) (1860); L'Annexion des.Deux Siciles) (1860) 'Corso sugli Scrittori Politici Italian' (1862-63) ; 'Teoria dei Periodi (1874). Consult Mazzoleni, 'Giuseppe Ferrari' (Milan 1876); Uberweg, F., 'History of Philosophy' (Vol. II, New York, new ed., 1902); Werner, C., Italienische Philoso phic des 19. Jahrhunderts' (Vol. III, Vienna 1885).