FILANDER, a small kangaroo (Macropus brimi), native to New Guinea. It was the first of the kangaroos (q.v.) known to Europeans.
FILANGIER I, Gaetano, Italian political economist: b. Naples, 18 Aug. 1752; d. 21 July 17::. His great work, entitled 'The Science of Legislation,' notwithstanding it was never completed according to his orig inal design, attracted great attention, from its bold and original views and the liberality of its sentiments. In 1787 he was made a member of the supreme council of finance.
FILARETE, Antonio, or An tonio Averulino, called ANTONIO DE FIRENZE : b. Florence, about 1400; d. Rome, about 1469. He worked under Ghiberti on the famous bap tistery gates. Pope Eugene IV gave him a commission to make the bronze doors for Saint Peter's in Rome, and he began their execution with assistants about 1439, finishing them 1445, the whole being a feeble imitation of Ghiberti, in bad taste and entirely lacking in spontaneity.
He also made a bronze reduction of the eques trian statue of Marcus Aurelius for the capi tol, now at Dresden, and a mausoleum of the cardinal of Portugal, which disappeared in the 17th century. He is, however, more noted as an architect. Banished from Rome 1449, on the accusation of stealing relics, he entered the service of the Sforza family at Milan, draw ing plans for a great hospital in the antique style, only one wing of which he finished. He is the author of a remarkable book, (Tratto di Architettura,' written before 1465, a treatise on architecture in 25 volumes, a sort of a verbose and finical romance, of which the motive is the construction of an ideal city, called Sforzinda. The undercurrent of the work is a mixture of pagan and Christian philosophy and ethics and an inculcation of didacticism in art.