FLAMMARION, Camille, re-On, French writer on astronomy: b. Montigny le-Roi, Haute-Marne, 26 Feb. 1842. In 1858 he entered the Paris observatory as pupil, being transferred in 1862 to the Bureau des Longi tudes, where he remained till 1866. Although still a youth, he had already published the first of his many works, namely 'La Pluralite des M,ondes habites> (1862; 36th ed. 1892); 'Les Mondes imaginaries et les Mondes reels' (1865; 21st ed. 1892); and 'Les Merveilles Celestes' (1866; 7th ed. 1881). For five years from about 1868 he made a study of the upper regions of the atmosphere during several balloon ascents. In 1882 he founded the monthly magazine L'Astronomie, and in 1887 started the French Astronomical Society. M. Flammarion has gained considerable fame for original researches in astronomy, especially in connection with double and multiple stars, colors of stars, the topography and physical constitution of Mars and the moon; sun-spots, and the proper motion of the stars; but is much better known for his excellent, well-written and accurate popular hand-books. Among his other works are
'Etudes et Lectures sur l'AstronomiO (1867— 80) • 'Dieu dans la Nature' (1867; 22d ed. 1892) ; (Lumen' (1872; 40th ed. 1890); 'Voy ages en Ballon> (1870; 20th ed. 1889); 'Vie de Copernic> (1872) ; (L'Atmosphere) (1872); 'Histoire du Cid' (1873) ; 'Petite Astronomic' (1877); 'Les Teres du Cid) (1877) ; 'Francois Arago) (1879);
Populaire' (1880); 'Les Etoiles et les Curiosites du Cid> (1881); 'Le Monde avant la Creation de l'Homme> (1886) ; 'Les Tremblements de Terre' (1886); (Uranie) (1889) ; (Qu'est-ce que le Cid' (1891) ; 'La Planete Mars et ses Conditions d'Habita bilite> (1893) ; 'La fin du Monde' (1894);