FRERE, Pierre Edouard, brother of Charles Theodore Frere (q.v.), French painter: b. Paris, 10 Jan. 1819; d. Econen, May 1886. He studied under Paul Delaroche, and chose sentimental genre as his specialty; many of his delineations of home- and child-life are full of true and simple feeling and have been frequent ly reproduced. In technique he was remarkable as a colorist, and his 'Little Gourmand' ; (Cu riosity' ; 'Repose' ; 'The Little Cook' ; 'First Steps' ; 'Going to School' have long been favorites in the print-shop windows. He ex hibited in the Salon from 1842 to 1886, received a number of medals and was made a chevalier of the Legion of Honor in 1855. He also ex hibited 28 times at the Royal Academy, London, between 1868 and 1885. Pictures by him are in museums at Bernay, ChartresCardiff, Glasgow, Hamburg, Melbourne, Sheffield. Consult Bacon, H. 'Edouard Frere) (in Art Journal, Vol. XXXVIII, p. 321, London 1886).
fear'Or'bin', seph Walther, Belgian statesman: b. Liege,
1812; d. 1896. He was educated at Liege and at Paris, and entered on the practice of law in the former city. His early leanings toward the Liberal party led to his controversy with the Catholic clergy. He was an advocate of free trade and of the priority of state over church authority and of secular public instruc tion. He was elected to the Belgian Chamber in 1847, and became Minister of Public Works; in 1848-52 be was Minister of Finance. He founded the National Bank of Belgium, and reduced postal rates. In 1857 on the return to power of the Liberals he became again Minister of Finance, and was made Prime Minister in 1868. He retired with his party in 1870 but returned in 1878 and was again Prime Minister until 1884. For the succeeding 10 years he was leader of the opposition, and lost his seat in 1894. He published 'La mainmorte et la charite) (1854); and 'Le question monetaire (1874).