GARIBALDI, Giuseppe, Ital ian patriot: b. Nice, France, 4 July 1807; d. island of Caprera, Italy, 2 June 1882. His father being a poor fisherman he received little education, and for a number of years was a sailor on various trading vessels. In 1834, being condemned to death for his share in the schemes of Mazzini, he escaped to Marseilles and finally went to South America. In the serv ice of the Republic of Rio Grande against the Brazilians he became known as a brilliant leader, and with his famous Italian legion he subse gave the Montevideans such effective aid against Buenos Aires as to earn the title of "hero of Montevideo? While in South Amer ica, he married his first wife, Anita, who shared his dangers and privations. In 1848, on hear ing of the rising against Austria, he returned to Italy, raised a band of volunteers and harassed the Austrians till the re-establishment of Aus trian supremacy in Lombardy. In the spring of 1849 he proceeded to Rome to support Maz zini's republic. He was appointed to command the forces, but the odds were overwhelming, and after a desperate defense of 30 days Gari baldi escaped from Rome with 4,000 of his followers, and made a daring retreat through territory occupied by Austrian forces. Gari baldi, accompanied by his wife, ultimately set sail for Venice; but being pursued by Austrian vessels, was forced to land, when his wife suc cumbed and was buried in the sand. He spirit, being mainly a parade march with a dash of operatic aria. The words are: All' armil all' armil Si scopron le tombe, ai levano i morti, I martin nostri son tutti riaorti, Le spade nel pugno, gli allori alle chiome, La fiamma ed it nome sul car! Corriamo, corriamo, su o giovani schierel Su at vento per tutto le nostre bandierel Su tutti col ferro I su tutti col fuoco! Su•tutti col fuoco d'Italia nel cor.
Va fuori d'Italia, va f non ch'i l'ora, Va Icon d'Italia, va fuori o stranierl All'atrni! all'armi! La terra dei fiori, dei soon', dei carmi, Ritorni qual era la terra dell'armi; Di cento catene ci vinscr la man°.
Ma ancor di Legnano sa i ferri brandir. Bastonc tedesco 'Italia non doma, Non crescono al gioco le stirpe di Roma; Rill Italia non vuole stranieri e tiranni Gil tnmpo son gli anni the dura it servir. Va fucri d'Italia, va fuori che'e l'ora, Va fucri d'Italia, va fuori o stranierl Le case d'Italia son fatte per noi.
lk sul Danubio la cases de tuoi.
Tu i ci mpi ci gnasti, to it pane c'involi, I noetri figlinoli — per not Ii vogliam. Son l'Alpi e i due marl d'Italia i confini, Col carro di fuoco rompiam gli Appennini: Distrutto ogni segno di vecchia frontiera, La nostra bandiera per tutto inalziarn.
Vii fuori d'Italia, The following translation, in blank verse, closely imitates the original, without attempt at rhyme: To arms! The graves open, the dead arise, Our martyrs all are resuscitated With swords in hand, and laurels on their brow.
The flame and name of Italy in the heart.
Haste! haste! up, ye marshalled youth! On every wind our banners fly! Rise all with arms, all with fire I Rise all with the fire of Italy in your hearts! Depart from Italy, go, the hour has struck! Out of Italy depart, Oh stranger! To arms! The land of flowers, melody and poets, Once more be a land of arms; A hundred chains here bind the hand, But Legnano* yet knows how to wield the sword! German cudgel-blows cannot Italy tame, The Roman stock was not raised to that game; No more foreign tyrants will Italy bear, Too many years has the servitude endured. Depart from Italy, etc.
The homes of Italy are built for us, Your home is away on the Danube; You ravage our fields, you steal our bread, Our own sons we want ourselves.
The Alps and the two seas are Italy's borders; With fire we break through the Appennines; Destroyed every in of the old frontier, Our flag shall be raised over all.
Depart from Italy, etc.