GINSBURG, Christian David, eminent rabbinical scholar: b. Warsaw, 25 Dec. 1831; d. London, 7 March 1914. He was educated at the Rabbinic College in his native city, but came to England as a young man and spent the rest of his life there. He was one of the original members appointed by Convocation for the revision of the English version of the Old Testament, and was the author of 'An His torical and Critical Commentary on the Song of Songs) and on 'Ecclesiastes' (1857). For over 50 years Dr. Ginsburg enriched biblical literature with his erudite contributions. He rendered important service in 1883 by exposing the forgery committed by a well-known dealer in antiquities, named Shapira, of a manuscript purporting to be part of the
of the book of Deuteronomy. Among his numerous works are 'The Kariates, their History and Literature> (1862) ;
Essenes' (1864) ;
Kabbalah, its Doctrines, Development and
(1865) ; < The Massoreth-ha-Masso reth of Elias Levita> (in Hebrew, with trans lation and commentary, 1867) ;
ben Chajin's Introduction to the Rabbinic Bible' (1867) ;
New Testament into Hebrew;
Text of the Hebrew Bible' (1894);
to the Massoretico — critical edition of the He brew Bible) (1897) ; series of facsimiles of
MSS. of the Old
(1898) ; 'Relation of Codex Babylonicus to the Present Recension of the Massoretic Text of the Bible> (1899) ; (The Hamburg Stadt-bibliothek Co dex No. I) (1903) ; (Pentateuchus Diligenter revisus juxta Massorah> (1908) ;
(1909), and numerous articles in Kitto's (En cyclopaedia of Biblical Literature,' Smith's