GLENDALE, Battle of, also called THE BATTLE OF CHARLES CITY CROSS ROADS, THE BATTLE OF FRAZIER'S FARM, and THE BATTLE OF WHITE OAK SWAMP. The battle of Gaines' Mill was fought on 27 June 1862. That night the Fifth corps and its supports crossed to the south side of the Chickahominy and the bridges, and the withdrawal of the Army of the Potomac to James River began. The battles of Allen's Farm and Savage Station were fought on the 29th, and on the morning of the 30th the Union army was across White Oak Swamp Creels, covering the roads leading to James River and the immense trains on their way to Malvern Hill and Harrison's Landing. Franklin, on the right, with Smith's division of his own corps, Richardson's division of Sum ner's and Nagle's brigade of Keyes' corps, was at the bridge crossing of White Oak Swamp Creek. About two miles to the left, holding the intersection of the Charles City, Darbytown and New Market roads, thus cover ing the Quaker road over which the trains must pass, was Sumner, with Sedgwick's division of his own corps, Heintzelman's two divisions of Hooker and Kearny, Slocum's division of Franklin's corps, and McCall's division. Slo cum, on the right of Sumner's line, was on the Charles City road, about a mile in advance of the junction with the New Market and Quaker roads; Kearny was on Slocum's left between the Charles City and New Market roads; Mc Call was on Kearny's left, and Hooker to the left and rear of McCall; Sedgwick was in sup port to McCall, but during the forenoon, two of his brigades were sent to Franklin. Porter's and Keyes' corps were at or on the way to Malvern Hill. After making these dispositions McClellan left the field.
General Lee's plan contemplated that Jack son should force a passage at the bridge held by Franklin, turn his right and reach the Union rear; Holmes to attack and turn the Union left and prevent its reaching James River. while the divisions of Longstreet, A. P. Hill and Huger, supported by Magruder, concentrating at the cross-roads, should cut McClellan's army in two and interrupt its retreat to the river. Early on the morning of the 30th Jackson ad vanced through Savage Station on Franklin, who opened upon him furiously with artillery and checked him. It was a great disappoint ment to Lee, and of enterprise on this occasion has been the subject of much criticism. Holmes advanced on the Confeder ate right with 6,000 men and 6 batteries, to ward Malvern Hill, and was attacked by War ren's brigade of 1,500 men and 36 guns. The gunboats in the river opened upon him and he fell back in disorder. and called for help. Hu ger led the advance down the Charles City road. In an effort to determine the Union position and to protect his own flanks, his division be came scattered, and he devoted the remainder of the day to reconnoitering and an almost harmless artillery duel with Slocum. While
this division of 9,000 men frittered away the day, Longstreet and A. P. Hill were maintain ing a furious contest.
Longstreet and A. P. Hill moved on the Darbytown road. Longstreet, in advance, at noon, came upon McCall's pickets on the Fra zier farm, where he formed line and at 3 P.M., closely supported by A. P. Hill, attacked Mc Call, forced back his left brigade (Seymour's) after a hard struggle, and captured several guns. Hooker, with Grover's brigade, fell upon the flank of Longstreet's right brigade (Kemp er's). Sumner's artillery, covering the opening between McCall and Hooker, opened fire, and Kemper was swept back just as Branch's and Pickett's brigades were advancing to his sup-. port. These in turn were checked, but kept tip a stubborn fight until nightfall, when they were joined by Pender's and Archer's brigades of 1-1111's division, and held the ground from which Seymour had been driven. Wilcox's brigade, which had advanced on Pickett's left, captured Randol's and Cooper's batteries after a very obstinate fight, but was forced back by a coun ter-attack, and Cooper's battery was retaken. Field's brigade, coming to Wilcox's support, forced back Meade's brigade and captured some guns, but Meade rallied and drove it back Far ther on the Confederate left Pryor's and Feath erston's brigades, attacked Kearny's left and were several times repulsed. Slocum assisted Kearny with his New Jersey brigade, and Featherston's brigade being thrown into some disorder, Gregg's, South Catolina brigade was sent to that parr of the field. Late in the day Caldwell's brigade of Richardson's division moved from ranklin's position and reinforced . Kearny's left. Two regiments only got into line and flied a volley. The engagement was about ove*, and darkness came with Kearny's line intact. Only one division, McCall's, had lost any/ground during the day, and it lost its commakder who was taken prisoner at the close of the engagement, and 14 guns. The Union troops had resisted three separate attacks on flank and rear, and under cover of their splen did fighting, involving great losses on both sides, the immense supply trains and the reserve artillery reached Malvern Hill at four o'clock in the afternoon. During the night the Union army fell back to Malvern Hill. Consult 'Official Records) (Vol. XI); Allan, (History of the Army of Northern Virginia); (McClel Ian's Own Webb, The The Century Company's (Battles and Leaders of the Civil War) (Vol II).