Girard
Girard, Stephen, American Financier And Philanthropist: B. Bordeaux, France, 24 May 1750; D. Philadelphia, 26 Dec. 1831. He Followed The Sea, Becoming A Master In 1773 And Soon Afterward Engaging In The West In Dian And American Coasting Trade. In 1769 He Settled In Philadelphia As Both Shipmaster And Merchant. ...
Girard College
Girard College, Philadelphia, Pa., An Institution For The Vocational Education And Maintenance Of *poor White Male Orphans,* As The Donor Of The Trust Fund Expressed It. The College Was Founded Under The Will Of Stephen Girard (q.v.), And Opened 1 Jan. 1848. By A Provision In The Will No Ecclesiastic, ...
Girls Clubs
Girls' Clubs, Societies With A Member Ship Of Girls Banded Together For Recreation, Study, Mutual Helpfulness, Etc. Formerly There Was Apparently Less Spontaneity Among Girls Than Among Boys In Regard To The For Mation Of Clubs; Now Large Numbers Of Girls Are Found In Clubs Organized And To A Greater ...
Giusti
Giusti, Jooete, Giuseppe, Tuscan Satirical Poet: B. Monsummano, Near Pescia, 13 May 1809; D. Florence, 31 March 1850. Son Of Well To-do And Intellectual Parents, His Early Studies Were Made In Florence And Lucca. In 1826 He Was Sent Greatly Against His Will To Study Law At The University Of ...
Glacier
Glacier, A Current Of Ice Formed From Compressed Snow. Water, Changed Into Vapor By Sun-heat And Carried By The Winds Over Frosty Highlands, Is Crystallized Into Snow. Glaciers Take Their Rise In Regions Which He Above The Snow-line. Upon These Regions From Their Geographical Position And Elevation, The Quantity Of ...
Glacier National Parr
Glacier National Parr, The, A Public Park Set Aside By Presidential Proclama Tion Pursuant To Authority Conferred By The Act Of .11 May 1910. It Lies Just South Of The Ca Nadian Line, Including Portions Of Teton And Flathead Counties, Mont. It Includes That Part Of The Front Range Of ...
Gladden
Gladden, Washington, American Con Gregational Clergyman: B. Pottsgrove, Pa., 11 Feb. 1836; D. Columbus, Ohio, 2 July 1918. He Was Graduated At Williams College In 1859; Ordained In The Congregational Church, And After Several Other Pastorates Became Pastor Of The First Congregational Church In Colum Bus, Ohio, In 1882; In ...
Gladiators
Gladiators (lat. Gswordsmenn, Com Batants Who Fought At Public Games In Rome For The Entertainment Of The Spectators. Gladi Ators Were First Exhibited At Rome In 264 B.c, By Marcus And Decimus Brutus At The Funeral Of Their Father; And The Custom Probably Orig Inated In Etruria, Where A Slave ...
Gladstone
Gladstone, William Ewart, British Statesman, Orator And Author: B. Liverpool, 29 Dec. 1809; D. Hawarden, England, 19 May 1898. He Was Of Purely Scottish Ancestry, The Fourth Son Of John (afterward Sir John) Gladstone, A Merchant Of Liverpool And Mem Ber Of Parliament For The City, By His Second Wife, ...
Gland
Gland, In Anatomy, A Term Originally Ap Plied To Such Beanlike Structures As Occur All Over The Body In Connection With The Lymphatic System; But The Meaning Has Now Been Extended To Embrace Any Group Of Secretory Cells. Such Structures Separate From The Blood The Charac Teristic Constituents Of Their ...
Glanders
Glanders, The Most Dangerous Form Of Equinia, And One Of The Most Formidable Dis Eases To Which Horses Are Subject. It Is Diag Nosed By A Discharge From One Or Both Nostrils, With A Hard Enlargement Of The Submaxillary Glands. It Is Distinguished Into Acute And Chronic. In Acute 'glanders ...
Glanvill
Glanvill, Joseph, English Ecclesiastic: B. Plymouth, 1636; D. Bath, November 1680. After Studying At Exeter College, Oxford, He Pursued Theological Studies At Lincoln College, Being Graduated M.a. In 1658. He Held The Post Of Chaplain At Eton, And After The Refor Mation Became In Turn Rector Of Wimbush, Essex, Vicar ...
Glanvill_2
Glanvill, Ramif De, Chief Justiciar Of England, Who Flourished In The 12th Century. He Is Known Chiefly As The Author Of The First Standard Hook On English Common Law. The Facts Of His Life Are Few, But His Career Ap Pears To Have Been Somewhat As Follows: He Became Sheriff ...
Glasgow
Glasgow, The Chief Commercial And Manufacturing City In Scotland, And As Regards Population The Second In The British Isles, Is Situated On Both Banks Of The Clyde, About 14 Miles From Dumbarton Where The River Broad Ens Into A Firth; Latitude 35° 51' 32" N.; Longiture 4° 17' 54" W. ...
Glass
Glass. Definition And Trial Art Has Had No More Beautiful And Useful Material To Aid Its Progress Throughout The Ages Than Glass, And Many Sciences Could Scarcely Have Existed, Or Could Not Have Developed Far, Without Its Assistance. A Perfect Glass Is Surpassed In Its Brilliancy, Pellucidity, Refractive Ness And ...
Glass Blowing
Glass Blowing. There Are Three Principal Kinds Of Glass—window Glass, Plate Glass And Bottles And Jars Or Hollow Ware. Separate Factories, Or At Least Separate Depart Ments Of Factories, Are Devoted To Each Of These Classifications. A Glass Furnace Is Fitted Up For The Kind Of Work It Is Designed ...
Glass Crab
Glass Crab, An Immature Condition Of Certain Crabs (palinurus And Its Allies) Which For A Time Are Flattened And Perfectly Trans Parent, As If Formed Of A Sheet Of Glass, And Have No Resemblance To The Parent Form. As Found Ordinarily In Commerce, Glass Consists Of An Alkaline Sili Cate ...
Glass Manufacturing In Amer
Glass Manufacturing In Amer Ica. A Glass-house Built Near Jamestown In 1608, The Year After Virginia Was Founded, Was The First Factory In The English Colonies In America. In That Year Eight Poles And Ger Mans Were Brought There To Make Ashes, Soap, Pitch; Tar And Glass. From Ashes Were ...
Glass Painting
Glass Painting. See Glass Stain Ing. Saurus (family Anguida), Which Takes Its Name From The Brittleness Of The Tail, Which Is More Than Twice The Length Of The Body, And Whose Vertebra Are So Slightly Connected, That A Part Or All Of The Tail Will Easily Break Off, Or May ...
Glass Staining And Glass
Glass Staining And Glass Painting, The Art Of Producing Pictures On Glass With Vitrifiable Colors; But A Common Ex Tension Of The Meaning Is To Include All The Make And Design Of Ornamental Glass Windows. Originally There Was But One Method Of Mak Ing These, And That Was To Produce ...
Glaze
Glaze (ceramic), A Vitrified Coating Which Gives To Earthenware Or Porcelain Its Brilliance And Impermeability. Glazes Are Of Three Classes: The Glaze Proper (fr. Couverte), A Soft Glaze(fr. Vernis) And The Enamel Or Opaque Glaze (fr. &toil). The Glaze Proper Is A Silicate Of Calcium, Potassium And Aluminum And Is ...
Glendale
Glendale, Battle Of, Also Called The Battle Of Charles City Cross Roads, The Battle Of Frazier's Farm, And The Battle Of White Oak Swamp. The Battle Of Gaines' Mill Was Fought On 27 June 1862. That Night The Fifth Corps And Its Supports Crossed To The South Side Of The ...
Globe
Globe, A Sphere, A Round Solid Body, Generated By The Revolution Of A Semi-circle About Its Diameter. Globe, Or Artificial Globe, In Geography And Astronomy, Is More Particularly Used Of A Sphere Made Of Metal, Plaster Or Pasteboard, On The Surface Of Which Is Drawn A Map Or Representation Of ...
Globe Tavern
Globe Tavern, Battle Of. On 17 Aug. 1864 General Grant, Then Investing Petersburg, Directed That Warren's Fifth Corps And Some Cavalry Be Sent To Destroy As Much As Possible Of The Weldon Railroad And Make Such A Dem Onstration On Lee's Right As Would Force Him To Withdraw A Portion ...
Gloucester
Gloucester, Mass., City And Port Of Entry Of Essex County, Near The Extremity Of Cape Ann, And On The Boston And Maine Rail Road, 32 Miles Northeast Of Boston. It Is A Popular Summer Resort And Contains The Gilbert Hospital, Home For Aged Fishermen, Huntress Home, The Magnolia, Sawyer And ...
Glove
Glove, A Covering For The Hand Either For Warmth Or Protection, Or For Dress. Its Use Dates Back To Remote Antiquity. Laertes, The Farmer-king, Wore Gloves To Protect His Hands From The Thorns. Xenophon Sneered At The Persians For Wearing Gloves To Keep Their Hands Warm. In Their More Robust ...
Glove Manufacture In Amer
Glove Manufacture In Amer Ica Dates From About The Year 1760, When Sir William Johnson, Chief Agent Of King George With The North American Indians, Brought Over From Scotland Several Families From Perthshire, Which Settled In The Eastern Part Of What Is Now Fulton County, N. Y, Call Ing The ...
Gluck
Gluck, Christoph' Willibald, Rrrrra Vox,• German Composer : In The Upper Palatinate, 2 July 1714; D. Vienna, 15 Nov. 1787. After Studying Six Years At The Jesuit School At Komotow, Where His Musical Talents Were Especially Encouraged, He Supported Himself For A Time By Giving Music Lessons. Later He At ...
Glucose
Glucose, Glolc6s (from Gr. Yxvetc, Sweet), In The Cotnmercial Sense, A Very Thick Syrupy Liquid Obtained By The Partial Hydrolyz Ing Of Starch, Sometimes Called Cereal Syrup)); When In Solid State, Known As Grape-sugar Or °cereal Sugar?' In Europe It Is Chiefly Made From Potato Starch, But In The United ...
Glucosides
Glucosides, Gloo'ko-sidz, A Class Of Complex Vegetable Substances Which Under The Influences Of Heat, Enzymes Or Chemical Action Produce A Glucose. Most Of The Known Gluco Sides Are Derived From Dextro-glucose, Others From Rhamnose Or Galactose. When The Sugar Is Rhamnose They Ate Known As Rhamnosides; If Arabinose, They Are ...
Glue
Glue, An Impure Gelatine, Used As An Ad Hesive. The Substances Of Which Glues Are Made Are Ossein Of Bones And Hides, Chondri' Gen Of Cartilage, Isinglass From The Bladders Of Fishes, And Elastin, Found In Certain Liga, Meets. In The Modern Method Of Making Glue From Bones They Are ...
Gluten
Gluten (lat., Glue), That Part Of The Protein Content Of Wheat Which Is Insoluble In Water. It Is A Combination Of The Two Proteid Substances Gliadin And Gluten In, The First Con; Taining 17.66 Per Cent Of Nitrogen, And The Second, 17.49 Per Cent.. These Components, However, Do Not Combine ...
Glycogen
Glycogen; Gligco-len (c.h,.o,), Was Discovered In 1857 By Bernard And Was Given The Name 'animal It Belongs To That Class Of The Carbohydrates Called The Polysac Charides; These Are Convertible Into Simple Car Bohydrates When Hydrolysed. Glycogen Is The Reserve Carbohydrate Of The Animal Organism In Which It Appears To ...
Glyptodont
Glyptodont, An Armored Edentate Mammal Of The Extinct Family Glyptodontidie, Which Developed Mainly In South America Dur Ing The Tertiary Period. Several Genera And Many Species Have Been Described From Pata Gonia, The Argentine Pampas, Peru, Etc., And Northward To The Southern United States, Asso Ciated With The Great Ground-sloths. ...
Gmund
Gmund, Wurttemberg, Town In The Rems Valley District, 30 Miles Southeast Of Stutt Gart. It Has Ruins Of Its Former Splendor As An Imperial City. It Contains A 14th Century Church, A- Monastery Now Used As A Prison, A Gymnasium, Trade School And Teachers Training School. It Has Manufactures Of ...
Gnomon
Gnomon, Nemon, An Astronomical Instru Ment For Measuring The Altitudes And Declina Tions Of The Sun And Stars. It Is Usually A Pillar Or Pyramid, Erected Upon Level Ground Or On A Pavement And Is Especially Used For Making The More Important Observations. Many Have Pre Ferred It To The ...
Gnosticism
Gnosticism, Nos'ti-sizm (gr. Yvexne, Knowledge; Ymartkoc, Devoted To Knowledge), The Teaching Of Various Sects In The First Chris Tian Century, Who Hovered On The Border Land Between Christianity And Heathen Thought. The Systems They Founded Attempted To Grapple With The Most Profound Problems Of Philosophy, Such As The Creation Of ...
Gnostics
Gnostics, A Religious Philosophical Sect, Who Boasted Of A Deeper Insight Into The Origin Of The World, And Of The Evil Of The World, Than The Human Understanding, So Long As It Remains In Equilibrium, Can Deem Admissible, Or Even Possible. Simon The Magician, Of Whom Luke Speaks In The ...
Goat
Goat. There Is Probably No Other Do Mestic Animal That Is So Widely Distributed As The Goat, Yet There Is None Of Them Concerning Which We Have So Little Scientific Information. There Are 10 Species Of Wild Goats, All But One Of Which (the Rocky Mountain Goat) Are Con Fined ...
Goch
Goch, Gen, Johannes Von (proper Name, Johann Pupper), German Monk, Precursor Of The Reformation: B. Goch, Prussia, About 1400; D. Mechlin, 28 March 1475. He Was Edu Cated At Cologne. All That Is Known Of His Subsequent Life Is That He Established An Order Of Canonesses At Mechlin In 1451, ...
God Save The King
God Save The King (or Queen), The Burden And Common Title Of The English National Anthem. Concerning The Author And The Composer Opinions Differ. It Has Been As Serted That Henry Carey, Who Lived About The Middle Of The 18th Century, Was Both; But, Being Ignorant Of The Rules Of ...
Godfather
Godfather And Godmother (also, In Infant Baptism, Called Sponsors), The Persons Who, By Presenting A Child For The Sacrament Of Baptism And Taking Upon Them Selves The Vows Of Faith And Obedience, As Proxies For The Child And In The Name Of The Child, Are Reputed To Contract Toward The ...
Godfrey Of Bouillon
Godfrey Of Bouillon, King Of Jerusalem: B. Baisy, In The Walloon Brabant, Near Nivelles, About 1058; D. Jerusa Lem, 15 July 1100. In 1076 He Succeeded His Uncle In The Duchy Of Bouillon. He Distin Guished Himself By His Heroic Courage At The Siege Of Rome, And The Fame Of ...
Godiva
Godiva, Go-di'va, A Legendary English Heroine. She Was The Wife Of Leofnc, Earl Of Mercia And Lord Of Coventry In The Reign Of Edward The Confessor. The Inhabitants Of Coventry Having On One Occasion Offended Their Master, He Punished Them By Inflicting So Heavy A Fine That They Were Unable ...
Godkin
Godkin, Edwin Lawrence, American Journalist And Essayist: B. Moyne, Ireland, 2 Oct. 1831; D. England, 20 May 1901. He Was Graduated From Queen's College, Belfast, In 1851, And Subsequently Was Correspondent Dur Ing The Crimean War For The London Daily News (1854-56). He Came To The United States As Correspondent ...
Gods Truce
God's Truce, A Mutual Agreement Be Tween Territorial Nobles Confirmed And Sanc Tioned By The Church By Which War And Violence Were To Be Abstained From For A Certain Period. In The 9th And 10th Centuries The Empire Of Charlemagne Had Become Broken Up Into Small Territories, Dukedoms, Baronies, Counties. ...
Godwin
Godwin, Mils. Mary Wollstonecraft, English Writer, Wife Of William Godwin (qv.) : B. (place Uncertain) 27 April 1759; D. London, 10 Sept. 1797. Her Father Was Edward John Wollstonecraft, Son Of A Wealthy Manufacturer Of Spitalfields, London. Her Mother Was Eliza Beth Dixon, An Irish Woman. The Brutality Of Her ...
Godwin
Godwin, William, English Writer And Political Philosopher: B. Wisbeach, Cambridge Shire, England, 3 March 1756; D. London, 7 April 1836. He Attended Various Schools And In 1771 Became An Usher In That Of Robert Akers At Hindolveston. The Next Year His Father, John Godwin, A Dissenting Minister, Died, And In ...
Goeben
Goeben And Breslau, German War Ships, Respectively The Fastest Armored Vessel In The German Navy (22,640 Tons; 28 Knots) And A Fast Light Cruiser (4,478 Tons; 27 Knots), Both Of Great Coal Capacity. At The Outbreak Of The European War These Vessels Were Cruis Ing Off The Algerian Coast In ...
Goethals
Goethals, Athalz, George Washing Ton, American Army Officer And Civil Engineer: B. Brooklyn, N. Y., 29 June 1858. He Was A Student Of The College Of The City Of New York In 1873-76 And In 1880 Was Graduated From The United States Military Academy At West Point. On 12 June ...
Greece
Greece. In Homeric Times The Destiny Awaiting Man After Death Is One Of Totally Unrelieved Gloom. One Passage In The 'odyssey) Gives A Glimpse Of Something Different In Store For Menelaus: " To Thee It Shall Not Come In The Horse-kind Land Of Argos To Meet Thy Death And Doom. ...
He3irew
He3irew. Old Testament: "for There Is Hope Of A Tree, If It Be Cut Down, That It Will Sprout Again, And That The Tender Branch Thereof Will Not Cease. Though The Root Thereof Wax Old In The Earth, And The Stock Thereof Die In The Ground; Yet Through The Scent ...
Hero Of Alexandria
Hero Of Alexandria), Whose Personal History, Like That Of Euclid, Is Practically Unknown, And To Whom It Is Difficult To Assign A Date Even Within A Century. His Most Interesting Contri Bution To Elementary Geometry Is The Formula For The Area Of A Triangle In Terms Of The Sides, A`=-"vs(s—a) ...