Goldsmithing

paris, london, gold and lorfevrerie

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Modern The art .of the goldsmith has changed to the industry of gold working — the factory has taken the place of the creator's shop. Paris shows pretty and artistic handwork from a Lalique and other true artists, but the rue de la Paix show win dows contain chiefly gold ornament turned out by the die from a stamping machine. Under A. Castellani of Rome industrial jewelry has been produced in late years in remarkably close likeness to antique Greek, Etruscan and Roman examples, and the output has been shipped to the masses of every nation at remarkably low prices in great quantities. England has its jewelry factories in Sheffield and Birmingham; Germany's goldworking factories are located at Pforzheim, Hanau, Schwabisch-Gmiind. Ber lin, etc. The United States has goldworking industries on a large scale in the Oranges, Newark, the Attleboros and Providence. But individual pieces made by hand in exquisite taste are not going to become extinct while London has its Bridges or New York its Tiffany.

Bibliography.— Androuet du Cerc eau, Jacques, (Ornaments d'Orfevrerie propres pour flanquer et imailler) (reprint London 1888); Bock, F., 'Das heilige Köln) (Leipzig 1858); Biirck, A., 'Handbuch Mr Juweliere, Gold, Sil ber, und Schmuck Arbeiten) (Ilmenau 1834); Cellini, B., (The Treatises of Benvenuto Cel lini on Goldsmithing and Sculpture' (London 1898); Chaffers, W., 'Hallmarks on Gold and Silver Plate> (London 1875); Darcel, A.,

(L'Orfevrerie Civile' (Paris 1890-92) ; Daw son, N., 'Goldsmiths' and Silversmiths' Work' (London 1907) Falize, (Paris 1891); Havard, H., (L'Orfevrerie) (Paris 1897); Hefner-Alteneck, J. H., (Deutsche Gold schmiede-Werke des 16ten Jahrhunderts' (Frankfort 1890) ; Jackson, C. J., (English Goldsmiths and their Marks) (London 1905); Karcher. 'Das deutsche Goldschmiedehand werk) (Leipzig 1910); Labarte, C. J.,

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