GRANOVSKII, Timofei Nikolaevich, Russian educator: b. 9 March 1813; d. 4 Oct. 1855. He received his ele mentary education at home where he studied French and English and spent his leisure in reading novels and works of travel and history. At the age of 18 he entered into a close friend ship with his sisters' French governess, who exercised a powerful influence over him and aroused in him a wild desire for literature. In 1834 he was attached to the Ministry for Foreign Affairs, but four years later he was ap pointed secretary in the geographic department of the Admiralty. A few years later he was sent abroad (Berlin, Dresden, Prague) to spe cialize in history. Of all the historians his favorites were Leopold von Ranke, Ritter and Verder. In 1839 he went to Moscow and started a series of most interesting lectures on philology and law. His unusual eloquence combined with his natural poetic warmth won his students' sympathy to such an extent that he was soon recognized as one of the best im provising lecturers in the empire. Besides his
courses at the university he gave a number of public lectures which increased still more his popularity, for he knew how to draw a syn thesis of events which are described on various pages of history and of which he made always one picture that possessed a distinct character. He was not very fond of writing but his mono graphs (Contemporary Condition and Import ance of General History,' (Patrimonial Exist ence of the Old Germans,' the Fates of Italy,' etc., display a conscientious historian's activities: he banishes the idea of unilateral ap preciations and optional conclusions, but points to the possibility of co-operation of natural sci ence with history and endeavors to determine if history is entitled to an individual method, and, if so, to what extent.