Governor
Governor, In The States, Territories And Acquired Possessions Of The United States. Be Fore The Attainment Of Independence By The English Colonies In Regions That Now Form Part Of The United States, The Term "governor* De Noted The Chief Executive Of Each Colony, Either Appointed By The Crown, Or By ...
Governors Conference
Governors' Conference. The Factors That Brought About The Establishment Of The Governors' Conference In The United States Were The Three Following: (1) The Growing Centralization Of Power At Washington; (2) The Shifting, Uncertain Status Of State's Rights, And (3) The Lack Of Uniform Laws. It Was Felt By Many That ...
Gower
Gower, John, English Poet: B. Probably About 1325; D. London, October 1408. But Lit Tle Is Known Of His Life Save That He Was Rich And Well Educated, Did Not Marry Till Late In Life And Became Blind About 1400. His Tomb Is Still To Be Seen In Saint Saviour's. ...
Goya
Goya Y An'tas', Francisco Jose De, Spanish Artist, Caricaturist, Etcher And Designer: B. Fuende Todas, Aragon, 30 March 1746; D. Bordeaux, France, 16 April 1828. Goya's Name Ranks With Those Of Velasquez And Murillo In The History Of Spanish Art. Of Peasant Birth, He Led An Early Roving And Somewhat ...
Goyaz
Goyaz, Go-yaz', Brazil, State Completely Enclosed Between The States Of Maranhao, Piauhy, Bahia, Minas Geraes, Sao Paulo, Matto Grosso And Para. Its Area Is Estimated At 747,311 Square Kilometers, Or, Say, 288,536 Square Miles; But, As A Large Part Of The Ara Guaya-tocatins Basin Is Unexplored, A Precise Statement In ...
Gozzi
Gozzi, Carlo, Italian Dramatist, Younger Brother Of The Brilliant Essayist Gaspare Gozzi: B. Venice, 13 Dec. 1720; D. 4 Apr. 1806. On Account Of His Fatl.er's Financial Embarrassments Gozzi Spent Three Years In Dalmatia, Seeking A Career As A Soldier Of Fortune (1741-1744). On His Return To Venice He Tried ...
Gracchus
Gracchus, Grak'fis, Tiberius Sempro Nius And Gaius Sempronius, Two Roman Statesmen: B. About 163 Ac. And 159 B.c.; D. 133 B.c. And 121 B.c. In Their Attempts To Ob Tain Reforms Favorable To The Commons, They Awakened Popular Commotions Of Which They Themselves Became The Victims. Tiberius Served Under The ...
Grace Of God
Grace Of God, An Expression Borrowed From Saint Paul's Writings. The Apostle Fre Quently Employs The Term Grace In The Sense Of A Gift Which Enables Those Who Have It To Do What They Could Not Do Without It. In Common Parlance We Use Such Expressions As The °gift Of ...
Graces
Graces (greek, Charites, Translated By The Romans Gratim), The Goddesses Of Grace, From Whom, According To Pindar, Comes Every Thing Beautiful And Agreeable, Through Whom Alone Man Becomes Wise And Glorious. They Were The Goddesses Of Heavenly Light And Seem To Have Been Connected With Bloom And Fer Tility, Which ...
Grade Crossings
Grade Crossings, Elimination Of. Separation Of The Grade Of A Railroad De Voted To Engine And Car Traffic From The Grade Of A Street Or Highway For Pedestrian And Vehicular Traffic Has Long Been A Public Problem. After 1908, When In That Year 832 Persons Were Killed And 1,755 Injured ...
Grady
Grady, Henry Woodfm, American Jour Nalist And Orator : B. Athens, Ga., 24 May 1850; D. Atlanta, Ga., 23 Dcc. 1889. He Was Gradu Ated From The University Of Georgia In 1868, Studied At The University Of Virginia In 1868 70, Began His Journalistic Career With Contribu Tions To The ...
Graftage
Graftage, The Process And Practice (origin Unknown) Of Propagating Plants By The Insertion In One Of A Bud (stock) Or Twig (scion) Of Another. It Also Includes The Dis Cussion Of All Questions Relating Thereto. The Stock May Be A Complete Plant, As In Peach Budding, Or Only A Part, ...
Graham
Graham, James Duncan, American Topo Graphical Engineer: B. Prince William County, Va., 4 April 1799; D. Boston, 28 Dec. 1865. Graduated From The United States Military Academy In 1817, He Entered The Corps Of Topo Graphical Engineers, In Which He Attained Major's Rank In 1838, Was Astronomer To The Survey ...
Grail
Grail, The Holy. The Cup Or Bowl From Which Christ Drank At The Last Supper. The History Of The Grail As Given In Most Romances Is Substantially As Follows: After The Last Supper The Cup Came Into The Possession Of Joseph Of Arimathea, Who Caught In It Some Of The ...
Grain
Grain, The Seeds Of Cereals Cultivated For The Production Of Meal, Flour Or Other Forms Of Cereal Food, And For The Feeding Of Livestock. The Principal Grains Are Wheat, Oats, Corn, Barley, Rye, Rice, Emmer, Einkorn, Spelt, Millet, Proso And Sorghum. Buckwheat, Though Not A True Grain, Is Usually Included. ...
Grain Elevator
Grain Elevator, A Structure Equipped With Adjustable Elevating Machinery For The Purpose Of Unloading And Storing Grain, Which Is Subsequently Loaded Directly Into Rail Way Cars, Canal Boats Or Grain-carrying Vessels For Transportation. In Addition To These Primary Services The Modern Grain Elevator Has Machines For Cleaning The Grain, Drying ...
Grain Insects
Grain Insects. Stored Grain, Corn, Nuts, And The Like, Are Frequently Infested And Injured By Various Insects. About 40 Kinds Of Weevils (q.v.) Lay Their Eggs Upon Dry Grain, And Their Grubs Bore Into And Devour The Ker Nel, So That When They Are Numerous Great Damage May Ensue. It ...
Grammar
Grammar Is The Systematic Treatment Of The Expression Of Thought By Means Of Guage. Grammar Is Often Called A Science, But In Its Present State It Cannot Rank With Science$ Like Astronosny, I Or Chemistry, For Instance. For One Thing, It Has Not The Power Of Predic Tion. Adams And ...
Grammar Schools
Grammar Schools. The Term Gram Mar School Is Generally Used At The Present Time To Denote A School Maintaining A Full Elementary Or Preacademic Course And Housed In A Build Ing Or Buildings By Itself Separate From The High School Or Academic Department. Less Fre Quently A School Having Only ...
Granada
Granada, Fray Luis De, Spanish Writer And Orator: B. Granada 1504; D. Lisbon, 31 Dec. 1538. His Father Died While Luis Was Still A Child Leaving The Family Without Re Sources And His Mother Did The Washing At The Monastery Of Santo Domingo, The Inmates Of Which Extended Help To ...
Granada_2
Granada, Gra-na'cl3, (1) An Ancient Kingdom, Subsequently A Part Of Southern Spain, Bounded By Andalusia, Murcia And The Mediterranean. It Was Included In The Roman Province Of Boctica, And After The Saracen Invasion Became An Independent Moorish Kingdom Until It Was Conquered By Ferdinand And Isabella In 1492, When It ...
Grand Army Of The
Grand Army Of The Republic, A Patriotic Association, Organized In The Inter Est Of The Surviving Representatives Of The Military And Naval Forces Of The Civil War, The Families Of Those Dead, And Such Objects As They Think Cognate With These. The Member Ship Is Of Soldiers And Sailors Of ...
Grand Canyon
Grand Canyon, Ariz., Also Called The Grand Canyon Of The Colorado River In. Ari Zona To Distinguish It From The Grand Canyon Of The Yellowstone (see Yellowstone National Park), From The Profound Gorges Cut By The Green And Grand Rivers, From Marble Canyon, Etc. It Was Set Aside 11 Jan. ...
Grand Canyon Of Colorado
Grand Canyon Of Colorado River. In Crossing The High Plateau Region Of Southern Utah And Northern Arizona, The Colorado River Has Cut The Greatest Canyon In The World. It Is More Than A Mile Deep In Places And The Deeper Portion Is About 200 Miles Long. It Is Not Only ...
Grand Island
Grand Island, Neb., County-seat Of Hall County Near The Platte River, On The Bur Lington & M., The Union P., The Saint J. & G. I. Railroads, About 97 Miles West Of Lincoln And 144 Miles Southwest Of Omaha. The First Permanent Settlement Was Made In 1862, And It Was ...
Grand Rapids
Grand Rapids, Mich., City And County Seat Of Kent County, Second In State To De Troit In Population And Importance, Is Situated On Both Sides Of Grand River, About 35 Miles By Rail From Lake Michigan, 152 Miles From Detroit, 180 Miles From Chicago; Lat. 42° 57' 49.02" N., Long. ...
Grand Rapids And Indiana
Grand Rapids And Indiana • Railway Company. This Company, Fifth In Succession, Owning A Completed Line Of Railroad Starting At Fort Wayne,.ind., Running Thence Northerly Through The City Of Grand Rapids And The Western Section Of Michigan To The Straits Of Mackinac, 366.51 Miles Main Line, With Spurs And Branches ...
Grand Remonstrance
Grand Remonstrance, A Document Of Protest Against Misgovernment, Drawn Up By The House Of Commons On 22 Nov. 1641 And Presented To Charles I Of England On 1 Dec. 1641. The Causes Leading Up To This Written Protest Were Many, And Its Passage, By A Ma Jority Of 11, By ...
Grand Trunk Pacific Railway
Grand Trunk Pacific Railway Company. This Canadian Company Was Incorporated By Act Of The Dominion Par Liament, 24 Oct. 1903, For The Purpose Of Con Structing A Railroad From Moncton, In The Prov Ince Of New Brunswick, To Some Suitable Port On The Pacific Coast, In The Northern Portion Of ...
Grand Trunk Railway System
Grand Trunk Railway System Of Canada. An International System Of Railways Extending From Portland, Me., To Chicago, Ill., Traversing The States Of Maine, New Hampshire And Vermont, The Provinces Of Quebec And Ontario In Canada And The States Of Michigan, Indiana And Illinois. The System (including Leased And Controlled Lines) ...
Grandissimes
Grandissimes, The, By George W. Cable. No One Has Approached Geosge W. Cable In Portraying And Interpreting The Charm Of Picturesque New Orleans. After Scoring A Brilliant Success In His First Volume Of Short Stories, Creole Days,' He Undertook The More Ambitious Task Of Writing The Novel,
Granger Cases
Granger Cases (said By Justice Field During The Trial To Be The Popular Term Outside For The Whole Group; But Only As Being In The Farmers' Interest, Not Because The Patrons Of Husbandry, Or Any Of Its Lodges As Such, Had Anything To Do With Them), Six Cases Decided In ...
Grangers O
Grangers (o. Fr. Graunge, Med. Latin Granea, A Place To Store Grain, Grunion), The Popular Name For The Patrons Of Husbandry, A Secret Association In The Interests Of Agricul Ture. In 1866 The Government Sent O. H. Kel Ley (on The Staff Of The Department Of Agricul Ture) To Inspect ...
Granovskii
Granovskii, Timofei Nikolaevich, Russian Educator: B. 9 March 1813; D. 4 Oct. 1855. He Received His Ele Mentary Education At Home Where He Studied French And English And Spent His Leisure In Reading Novels And Works Of Travel And History. At The Age Of 18 He Entered Into A Close ...
Grant
Grant, (hiram) Ulysses Simpson, American General And 18th President Of The United States: B. Point Pleasant, Clermont County, Ohio, 27 April 1822; D. Mount Mc Gregor, N. Y., 23 July 1885. He Was The Eldest Of The Six Children Of Jesse R. Grant And Han Nah Simpson Grant And On ...
Grape Culture
Grape Culture. The Grape Is Be Lieved To Be The Oldest Of Our Cultivated Fruits. Although Some 1,500 Varieties Of Grapes Arc Cultivated In Europe, They Are Practically All From A Single Species Of The Vine, Known As The V Itis Vinifera. It Is Supposed To Have Been Indigenous To ...
Grape Insect Pests
Grape Insect-pests. More Than 200 Species Of Insects Have Been Observed Preying On The Grape Vine In America. The Principal Pest Is The Phylloxera (ph. Vastatrix), Which First Attracted Attention By Its Ravages In The Vineyards Of France About 1865. It Now Oc Curs In Vine-growing Countries All Over The ...
Graphic Method
Graphic Method, A Pictorial Method Of Representing Statistics By Lines. Force, Mo Tion Or Any Other Physical Quantity, Such As Temperature, Atmospheric Pressure Or Baro Metric Height, Electric Potential, Etc., May Be Represented By Straight Lines. Graphic Methods Are Largely Employed In Physical Investigations As Aids To Calculation, And For ...
Graphical Statics
Graphical Statics. Graphical Static Deals With Statics By Purely Graphical Or Draughting-room Methods: Constructions Made With Straight-edge, Dividers, Protractors, Parallel Rules, Planimeters, Etc. The Analytic Solution Of A Problem May Give Rise To A Complicated Form Ula, An Infinite Series From Which It Is Difficult To Compute, Or To Many ...
Graphite
Graphite, Crystalline Or Amorphous Car Bon. It Crystallizes In Rombohedral Forms, But Is Commonly Foliated Or Earthy. It Has A Gray Metallic Lustre, And Is Greasy To The Fed. Its Hardness Is 1-2 And Its Specific Gravity 2.1-2.2. The Better Grades Of Natural Graphite Contain 90-95 Per Cent Of Carbon, ...
Gras
Gras, Felix, Provencal Writer: B. Male Mont, Near Avignon, 3 May 1844; D. Avignon, 4 March 1901. His Education Ceased At 17, When He Returned To His Father's Farm, From Which He Was Sent, In 1864, To Avignon And Articled To Jules Gieia, A Man Of Letters As Well As ...
Grasses In The United
Grasses In The United States. The Term °grass° Is Popularly Applied To The Green Herbage On Which Cattle And Other Beasts Feed, And Thus Includes Many Plants Which Are Not Botanically Related To The True Grasses, Such As The Clovers, Alfalfa, Sanfoin, Vetches, Spurry, Etc., Frequently Referred To As Aartificial ...
Grasshoppers And Locust Plagues
Grasshoppers And Locust Plagues. Insects Of Comparatively Large Size Of The Orthopterous Families Acridiide And Locustide, Or Short-horned And Long-horned Grasshoppers Respectively. In Great Britain And Her Colonies The Former Are The °locusts° Of Popular Speech And Only The Locustidce Are Called °grasshoppers.° (for The Allied Family Of Crickets, See ...
Grattan
Grattan, Henry, Irish Orator And States Man: B. Dublin, 3 July 1746; D. London, 4 June 1820. He Was Called To The Irish Bar In 1772, And In 1775 Was Elected Member For Charle Mont In The Parliament Of Ireland. He Im Mediately Became Distinguished In The Opposi Tion, And ...
Gravelotte
Gravelotte, Grivlot, Battle Of, One Of The Most Severely Contested And Most Im Portant Conflicts Of The Franco-german War (q.v.). It Is Named After A Village Of Lorraine, Seven Miles West Of Metz, But Is Also Called By The French The Battle Of Saint Piuvat, And Of Gravelotte And Rezonville. ...
Gravitation
Gravitation. The Law Of Gravitation Is The Law Discovered By Newton, According To Which Every Portion Of Matter Attracts Every Other Portion With A Force Directly Proportional To The Product Of The Two Masses, And Inversely Proportional To The Square Of The Distance Be Tween Them. The Motion Of The ...
Gray
Gray, Asa, American Botanist: B. Paris, Oneida County, N. Y., 18 Nov. 1810; D. Cam Bridge, Mass., 30 Jan. 1888. He Was Graduated At The Fairfield Medical College In 1831; But Had Already Acquired A Taste For Natural Science Which Led Him To Abandon The Practise Of Medi Cine For ...
Gray
Gray, Thomas, English Poet And Scholar: B. Cornhill, London, 26 Dec. 1716• D. Cam Bridge, 30 July 1771. He Was The Fifth Child And Only Survivor Of 12 Infants Born To Philip Gray, A Money-scrivener, And Dorothy Antrobus, A One-time Milliner. The Father Was Brutal And Maltreated His Wife, Who ...
Great Auk
Great Auk. An Extinct Auk (plautus Impennis), Much Like The Existing Razor-bill, But Larger (nearly The Size Of A Goose), With A Larger Bill And Relatively Smaller Wings; For Merly Called Garefowl It Was Black Above And White Below, With A Conspicuous White Patch In Front Of The Eye. It ...
Great Awakening
Great Awakening, The Popular Name Of A Great And Tenacious Irevivap In New England, 1740-45, Under The Influence Of Jonathan Edwards And George Whitefield. Ed Wards Had Created A Similar Excitement In Northampton Five Years Before, The Embers Of Which Were Still Glowing, But On Whitefield's Visiting Him In The ...
Great Basin
Great Basin, A Vast Region Of Interior Drainage, A Triangular Plateau Of North Amer Ica, Occupying The Western Part Of Utah And Nearly The Whole Of Nevada, Parts Of Oregon And California And Extending At Its Northeast Angle Into Idaho. It Is Bounded On The West By The Sierra Nevada ...
Great Britain
Great Britain. The Following Series Of Articles Dealing With The Various Aspects Of British Educational, Religious, Political And Com Mercial Life, Presents The History, Development And Rise Of The United Kingdom To Its Promin Ent Position Among The Leading Nations Of The World. The Peculiarities Of British Institutions Make It ...
Great Circle Sailing
Great Circle Sailing. A Great Circle Is A Circle Or A Sphere The Centre Of Which Coincides With The Centre Of The Sphere. Thus, The Equator, The Meridian And The Ecliptic Cir Cles Are Such 'great Circles" On The Globe. Be Tween Any Two Points On The Surface Of A ...
Great Divide
Great Divide, The Great Divide,) By William Vaughn Moody, Is One Of Our Most Representative American Dramas. It Was First Presented On The Road Under The Title Of 'the Sabine And Was Rewritten And Renamed When It Was Produced By Henry Miller And Margaret Anglin In New York, At The ...
Great Expectations
Great Expectations Among The Last Of The Novels Of Charles Dickens, Is One Of The Less Important And Widely-read Of His Works. It Marks, However, A Reversion To An Earlier Type Of His Fiction, Wherein The Char Acters, Rather Than Any Social Or Institutional Reform, Are The Chief Source Of ...
Great Lakes
Great Lakes, The Name Given To The Chain Of Lakes On The Northern Border Of The United States. They Include Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, Saint Clair, Erie And On Tario; Michigan Only Lying Wholly Within The United States, And No One Of The Lakes Wholly Within The Territory Of The ...
Great Meadows
Great Meadows, Pa., Engagement At, 28 May 1754; Washington's First Fight. When The French Built Fort Duquesne (now Pitts Burgh), Driving Off An English Force Which Had Begun To Fortify The Same Spot, It Was Evident That The Decisive Struggle For Mastery Of The American Uhinterlandp Was To Begin; And ...
Great Northern Railway Company
Great Northern Railway Company. This Company Had Its Beginning In The Minneapolis And Saint Cloud Railroad, Chartered 1 March 1856. Legislative Permis Sion To Change Its Name Was Granted In 1869, But It Was Not Until 18 Sept. 1889 That The Road Received Its Present Title. On 1 Feb. 1890 ...
Great Plains
Great Plains. The Great Plains Province Is That Part Of The Continental Slope Which Extends From The Foot Of The Rocky Mountains Eastward To The Valley Of The Mis Sissippi, Where It Merges Into The Prairies On The North And The Low Plains Adjoining The Gulf Coast And The Mississippi ...
Great Salt Lake
Great Salt Lake, A Body Of Water In The Northwestern Part Of Utah, The Principal Drainage Centre Of The Great Basin (q.v.) ; Bounded On The East By The Wasatch Moun Tains, On The West By The Great Salt Lake Desert. It Is About 4,200 Feet Above Sea-level, 80 Miles ...
Great Seal Of The
Great Seal Of The Confed Eracy, The. It Is Not Generally Known That The Confederate States Of America Possessed A Symbol Of Sovereignty In The Form Of A Great Seal, And Its Evolution, History And Significance Is Of Interest To All Citizens Of The Reunited Na Tion. When The Confederate ...