HAYNES, ham, Elwood, American in-: ventor: b. Portland, Ind., 14 Oct. 1857. He was graduated at the Worcester Polytechnic Institute in 1881 and in 1884-85 took a post graduate course at the University of Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Md. He was employed as science teacher at the Eastern Indiana Normal School, Portland, Ind., in 1885-86 and for the following four years was manager of the Port land Natural Gas and Oil Company. From 1890 to 1901 he was field superintendent of the Indiana Natural Gas and Oil Company since 1898. In 1881 he discovered tungsten chrome steel; in 1899 an alloy of nickel and _ chromium, and shortly afterward an alloy of cobalt and chromium. The last named alloy was developed by him in 1910 to make it suit able for cutting instruments and the business of its manufacture as a commercial product grew rapidly. In 1893-94 Mr. Haynes designed and constructed a horseless carriage, which is the oldest American automobile in existence and is now on exhibition at the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. In 1895 he in troduced aluminum in automobile construction and in 1903 invented and constructed the rotary valve gas engine. In 1911 alloys of cobalt, chromium and tungsten, and of cobalt, chro mium and molybdenum were discovered by Mr.
Haynes. He is president of the Haynes Stel lite Company which since 1912 has been en gaged in the manufacture of tools from this material. He is a member of the American Chemical Society, the Society of Automobile Engineers and of the Iron and Steel Institute of London, England. In 1912 he was a mem ber of the organizing committee of the Eighth International Congress of Applied Chemistry, at New York and Washington.
HAYNES,John, American colonial gov ernor: b. Old Holt, Essex, England; d. Hart ford, Conn., 1 March 1654. He came with Hooker and his company to Boston in 1633, was soon after chosen assistant, and in 1635 governor of Massachusetts. In 1636 he re moved to Connecticut, being one of the promi nent founders of that colony. In 1639 he was chosen its first governor, and every alternate year afterward, which was as often as the con stitution permitted, till his death. He was one of the five who in 1638 drew up a written con stitution for the colony, which was finished in 1639; the first ever formed in America, and which embodies the main points of all our sub sequent State constitutions, and of the Federal constitution.