Iceland
Iceland. An Island In The North Atlan Tic Ocean, On The Border Of The Arctic Circle, 200 Miles East Of Greenland. It Is An Autono Mous Dependency Of Denmark. Its Volcanoes, Earthquakes And Geysers, Its Lava Deserts And Glacial Snowfields Make It An Almost Impossible Land For Human Occupancy. Area ...
Ichido
Ichido, E'che'da, The Private Name Of Hitotsubashi, Leader Of The Anti-foreign Party In Japan And The •last Of The Tycoons.° See Hrrarstniasitt. Nc-nii'mon, The Name Of A Large Family (ichneumonida) Of Insects Of The Order Hymenoptera. As The Swies Of This Family Are Very Numerous (more 1,100 Genera Have Been ...
Ichneumons
Ichneumons, Small Carniv Orous Animals Of The Civet Family And Sub-family Herpestince, Which Are Distin Guished From The True Civets By The Straight Non-retractile Claws, And Various Skeletal Char Acters. While There Are A Number Of Genera The Typical And Most Important Is Herpestes, Many Species Of Which Inhabit Africa, ...
Ichthyology
Ichthyology, Tit/the-61'0t (gr. I"' Fish; Avyk, A Discourse), Is The Science Of Fishes. It Is That Branch Of Human Knowledge Which Treats Of The Aquatic Gill-bearing Vertebrates, Popularly Known As Fishes To English-speaking People. Classification Of Fishes.— In Different Treat. Ises On Fishes There Appear Very Great Differ Ences In ...
Ichthyornis
Ichthyornis, Ik-thi-oenis, A Genus Of Fossil Carinate Birds Constituting An Order Ich Thyornithes And Family Ichthyornithidte. They Were About The Size Of, And Presumably Had Much The Habits And Appearance Of, Rather Large Gulls, But They Had Extremely Large Heads, And Both Mandibles Of The Long Pointed Beak Were Studded ...
Iconocasts
Iconoc)asts, I-lcon'6-klasts (image Breakers), That Christian Party In The Church Of The 8th And 9th Centuries Who Would Not Tolerate Images In The Churches Or Places Of Worship. The Byzantine Emperor, Leo The Isaurian, Issued An Edict In 726 Ordering The People To Abstain Entirely From Paying Religious Reverence To ...
Idaho
Idaho (indian, 'mountain Gem'), One Of The Northwestern States Of The United States. Its Extreme Length From North To South Along Western Border Is 485 Miles. The Width Vanes From 50 Miles In The Northern Part Where It Borders On The Dominion Of Canada To About 300 Miles In The ...
Iddesleigh
Iddesleigh, 1de11, Earl Of See Norm Cote, Stafford Henry. Joseph Paxson, American Geol Ogist: B. Baltimore, Md., 1857. He Was Edu Cated At The Yale Sheffield Scientific School, Where He Also Took Graduate Work And In Structed In Mechanical Drawing And Surveying (1878). Later He Went To Columbia University, Specializing ...
Idea
Idea, Philosophical And Psychological Term Denoting That Which Is Imaged Or Con Ceived In The Mind. The Word Idea Has How Ever Borne Very Distinct Meanings In The His Tory Of Philosophy And Psychology. Probably To No Other Term Of The Kind Have There Been Attached So Many Different Shades ...
Idea Of A University
Idea Of A University, The. Car Dinal Newman's 'idea Of A University' Is A Collective Volume Composed (1) Of A Course Of Nine Lectures Delivered (1852) To The Roman Catholics Of Dublin, (2) Of 10 Occasional Lec Tures And Essays Addressed (1854-58) Primarily To The Members Of The Catholic University ...
Idealism
Idealism. This Word Is Not Easy, To Define Briefly, As It Is Used In Many Connections Where The Common Element In The Various Sig. Nifications It Takes On Are Not At First Sight Apparent. We May Say At Once, However, That Idealism Is A Fundamental Attitude Or Point Of View ...
Identity
Identity, Meaning In General The State Of Being The Same, Can Be Predicated Properly Only Of Individual Things. The Philosophical Consideration Of Identity Has Been Undertaken From Three Different Points Of View. Identity Was Thus Approached As: (1) The Logical Law Of Identity; (2) The Metaphysical Concept Of The Identity ...
Idiocy
Idiocy, That Condition In Which There Is Permanent Mental Deficiency Which Has Re Sulted From A Disease Or Deficiency Of Develop Ment Of The Brain Either Before Or At The Time Of Birth Or At An Early Period Of Life. It Is Thus Academically Distinguished From A Psycho Sis, Which ...
Iditarod
Iditarod, E-de'ta-rot', Alaska, A Mining Town, Located In The Region Of The Iditarod And Upper Innoko Valleys, 510 Miles Distant From Seward. It Is A Prominent Gold-mining Centre And Has Wireless Telegraphic Communi Cation. Ido. The Artificial Language Known As Ido Had Its Origin In The Work Of The Delegation ...
Idylls Of The King
Idylls Of The King, The. 'the Idylls Of The King' May Be Called Tennyson's Greatest Work Because The Poem Occupied Much Of His Time For All His Literary Life, Because It Presents In Pictorial Form Ideas Which In Tenny Son's Mind Lay At The Bottom Of Modern Life And Of ...
Ignatius Of Antioch
Ignatius Of Antioch, Christian Bishop And Martyr: B. Syria, C. A.d. 50; D. Rome, A.d. 110-117; Was Called In Syriac Minima; And Probably Received At Baptism His Second Name, Theophorus, ((the God-bearer.* Of His Early Life Nothing Is Certain. Origen, Vi In Luc., Sec. 1,' Speaks Of Him As The ...
Ignis Fatuus
Ignis Fatuus, Ig'nis (latin Fire, Atmospheric Fatuus, Foolish), An Atmosphec Light Or A Luminous Appearance Sometimes Seen In Swamplands, In Churchyards And Over Stagnant Waters. The Light Usually Appears Shortly After Sunset; It Is Common In The North Of Germany, In Italy, In The South And Southwest Of England, And ...
Ignition
Ignition, In Gas Engines, The Firing Of The Explosive Mixture Of Gases — In The Cylinder Of The Reciprocating Engine; In The Pressure Chamber Of The Rotary Engine. In The Earliest Types Of Gas Engine Ignition Was Accomplished By An Outside Flame Kept Burning Before A Slide Door, Which Was ...
Iguana
Iguana, 1-gwa'na, A Large Lizard Of The Typical Genus Of The Family. Iguanicke. This •family Is Distinguished By Having Pleurodont Teeth, A Thick, Vinous, Nearly Immobile Tongue, A Round Pupil. And By Various Skeletal Char Acters. The 350 Species Belong To About 50 .genera And, With The Exception Of A ...
Il Cortegiano
Il Cortegiano. 'the Cortegiano) Of Baldassare Castiglione (1528) Deals With The "formation Of The Perfect Courtier." The Author Represents These Dialogues As A Social °game" Actually Played At The Court Of Urbino,presided Over By The Petrarchistic Genius Of Cardinal Pietro Bembo And Reckoned As The Most Elegant Centre Of Fashion ...
Il Pastor Fido
Il Pastor Fido. With The Of Tasso The (pastor Fido) Of Battista Guarini (1538-1612) Is Associated As Closely In The Mind Of Posterity As Their Authors Were Associated In Friendship And In The Service Of The House Of Este At Ferrara. The Success Of The Was, In Fact, Guarini's Inspiration ...
Il Penseroso
Il Penseroso. Some General Remarks On (ii Penseroso' Will Be Found In The Article On The Companion Poem (l'allegro) (q.v.). (ii Penseroso' Presents The Contemplative Or Thoughtful Mood Or Humor. We Need Not Think Of These Sketches Of Mood Or Humor As Representing Different People; Milton Probably Recognized Them Both ...
Il Signor Ic
Il Signor Ic). A Tale Rather Than A Novel, Slight In Form And In Plot, (ii Signor Lo) ('mr. Myself,' 1882), By Salvatore Farina, Is One Of The Finest Works Of The Milanese Novelist. Lit Up By A Gentle Yet Sympathetic Humor, Partaking Both Of The Caricature Of Dickens And ...
Iliad
Iliad. Homer, As Horace Says In The Poetica,' Does Not Begin The Tale Of Troy With The Egg Of Leda; That Is, He Does Not Frame His Tale In A Complete Handbook Of Greek Mythology, But Plunges Into The Midst Of Things And Hastens To The Event. Similarly A Modern ...
Illegitimacy
Illegitimacy, The Legal Status Of Chil Dren Born Out Of Wedlock, Is A Subject Discussed Under Three Points Of View, Moral, Legal And Economic. As To What Constitutes Illegitimacy Is Variously Defined In Different Countries Where Great Variety Exists Both In Theory And Prac Tice. As To The Legal Status ...
Illinois
Illinois, University Of, The State Uni Versity, Situated At Urbana. It Was Founded In Acceptance Of The National Land Grant Of 1862 (see Colleges. Land Ga.abrr) And Was Incor Porated In 1867 As The Illinois Industrial Uni Versity. It Was Opened 2 March 1868, With A Faculty Of Three And ...
Illinois
Illinois, Gli-nor Or -noiz, The Eighth State Admitted Into The Union, And Since 1890 The Third In Population, Is One Of The North Central States Of The United States. It Is Widely Known As The "prairie State." It Lies Between 87° And 35' And 91° And 40' W. Longi Tude, ...
Illinois Central Railroad
Illinois Central Railroad. The History Of The Illinois Central Railroad Embraces Many Interesting Episodes, Some Of Which Bore Directly In Their Effect On The Build Ing Up Of The Nation, Of The State Of Illinois And Of The City Of Chicago. Prior To The Incor Poration Of This Line, The ...
Illinois Indians
Illinois Indians (iliniwek, Men), A Confederacy Of Algonquian Tribes, Formerly Occupying Southern Wisconsin, Northern Illinois And Sections Of Iowa And Missouri. It Comprised The Cahokia, Kaskaskia, Michigamea, Moing Wena, Peoria And Tamaroa. Early Explorers Dif Fer Greatly In Their Estimates Of The Number Of The Confederation. They Were Almost Continually ...
Illinois State Normal Uni
Illinois State Normal Uni Versity, Located At Normal, A Suburb Of Bloomington, Ill., Was Founded In 1857. It Is The Oldest State Normal School In The Missis Sippi Valley, And Has Furnished Principals Or Instructors For Nearly All Of The Younger Normal Schools In The Central And Western States. Up ...
Illuminati
Illuminati, (tithe Illumi Natecp), A Name Taken By Or Given To Various Groups Of Individuals Existing During The Past 2,000 Years, Who Believed In And Taught A Doc Trine Of Illumination Or Inner Light. The Funda Mental Idea Of Their Faith Was That Living A Life Of Purity And Service ...
Illusion
Illusion, In Psychology And In Epis Temology, A Perception Which Fails To Reveal The True Character Of An Object Perceived. The Word Illusion Is Used In Three Different Ways : (a) The Mental Construction, On The Basis Of Data Which Are Real In Their Own Proper Sphere, Of A Psychal ...
Illustration Of Books
Illustration Of Books. There Are Two Kinds Of Book-illustration: (1) An Artist's Attempt To Make Visual Representation Of Scenes, Or Characters, Or Objects Described In The Text; (2) Decoration And Ornamentation For The Purpose Of Embellishing The Page. In Both Cases The Illustration Of Books Has Followed The De Velopment ...
Ilocos Sur
Ilocos Sur, Soor, Philippines, A Prov Ince Of Luzon, On The West Coast, Bounded On The North By Ilocos Norte And On The South By Union; Length 70 Area 492 Square Miles (including Dependent Islands). Chief Town, Vigan. The Eastern Boundary Consists Of A Chain Of Mountains Rising 4,150 Feet ...
Image
Image, Psychological. The Term As Em Ployed In Psychology Has Two Different Mean Ings. Traditionally, The Image Is A Copy Or Representation Of A Former Perception, Or A Compound Of Such Representations, As For Ex Ample, The Picture We See When With Closed Eyes We Recall Or Imagine Some Object. ...
Images
Images, Veneration Of, The Of Venerating, Worshipping And Honoring In Pub Lic Or Private Graven Or Painted Representations Of Sacred Things Or Persons. Because Of The General Prevalence Of Idolatrous Worship Of Images, The Jews In The Old Law Were For Bidden The Making Of Images, Although Evidence Of The ...
Imaginary Conversations
Imaginary Conversations. Opinions May Differ As To The Relative Position Of Landor's 'imaginary Conversations' Among The Major Classics Of English Prose, But The Right Of The Book To Be Numbered Among Them Can Scarcely Be Called In Question. The 'con Versations> Have Never Been Popular In The Broad Sense Of ...
Imaginary Quantity
Imaginary Quantity. An Imagi Nary Or Complex Quantity Is An Expression Con Sisting Of A Pair Of Real Numbers, Or Numbers Which Can Be Represented By Positive Or Nega Tive Terminating Or Non-terminating Decimals. The Pair Consisting Of A And B Is Written A + Ib, Which Is In General ...
Imagination
Imagination. Early In The History Of Psychology, Imagination Meant Nothing More Than The Ability Or Power Of Having Mental Images. (see Image, Psychological). Later, A Distinction Was Made Between The Imaging Of Previous Experience (reproductive Imagination), And The Forming Of New Images From The Old (productive Imagination). Still Later, The ...
Imitation
Imitation. Imitation Is The Process Of Reproducing By One's Own Act The Observed Ac Tions Of Others. Its Beginnings Lie Therefore In Perception. It Is The Result Of A Desire To Change From The Role Of Spectator. To That Of Actor. Imitation May Be Of Two Kinds (1), A Primitive ...
Imitation In Animals
Imitation In Animals. This Is A Somewhat Technical Phrase Used In Zoology To Designate The Fact That Certain Kinds Of Animals Have Acquired, By The Gradual Process Of Natural Selection, A Resemblance To Other Animals, Which Are Said To Be "imitated,' Although, Of Course, No Effort To Become Like Them ...
Imitation Of Christ
Imitation Of Christ, The. Fon Tenelle The French Philosopher Said That The °imitation Of Christ Is The Most Influential Book That Ever Came From The Hand Of Man, The Scriptures Having Come From The Hand Of God.* That Seems Much To Say; Yet It Would Be Easy To Confirm The ...
Immaculate Conception
Immaculate Conception; The Privilege By Which The Virgin Mary, According To Catholic Doctrine, Was Conceived Without Original Sin. As This Doctrine Is Distinctively Catholic, The Following Exposition Is Along The Lines Of The Common Teaching Of Catholic Theo Logians. Meaning.—the Dogma Of The Imniaculate Conception Of The Mother Of God ...
Immigration
Immigration. Immigration Into The United States Viewed Historically Is But A Con Tinuation Of The Movement Of Peoples From The Far East Into Southeastern Europe, Then Into Europe Proper, And Finally Over Seas To The Two Americas And Australasia. Peoples, Races And Groups Have Been In Movement As Far Back ...
Immigrations
Immigrations, Animal And Vegetal, Into America Began In Early Geological Times. At The Dawn Of The Age Of Mammals, When The Great Mesozoic Reptiles Were Disappearing, And The Tertiary Era Introduced The Dominance Of Mammalian And Other Types Of Animal Life, That Became More And More Modernized As Time Advanced, ...
Immortality
Immortality (lat. Immortalitar, In Mortalis, "not Mortal"). The Doctrine That The Soul Continues To Exist After Death, Or More Specifically The Doctrine Of Eternal Personal Sur Vival. To The Question Becomes Of The Soul After Death*? Various Answers Have Been Given By Different Philosophers And Civilizations. The Most Noteworthy Of ...
Immunity
Immunity. It Has Been A Common Ob Servation That Certain Individuals Are Prone To The Infectious Diseases, And Others Not. Some Children In A Family Always "take Things Hard,* While Others Are Not Susceptible. This Resist Ance To The Poisons Of The Infectious Diseases, Or To The Bacteria That Cause ...
Imola
Imola, Italy, City In The Province Of Bo Logna, On The Santerno, 20 Miles Southeast Of Bologna. It Contains An Ancient Cathedral, Two Other Interesting Churches, Several Fine Palaces, A Communal Library, A Citadel, Prison, Lunatic Consult Welch, 'recent Studies On Immu Nity' (medical News, 18 Oct. 1902) ; Prudden ...