The most recent as well as the most exten sive studies of the fishes of Japan were made in 1900 by the present writer and his associates, John Otterbein Snyder and Shigeho Tanaka.
The scanty pre-Cuvieran work on the fishes of North America has already been noticed. Contemporary with the early work of Cuvier is the worthy attempt of Prof. Samuel Latham Mitchill (1764-1831) to record in system atic fashion the fishes of New York. Soon after followed the admirable work of Charles Alexandre Le Sueur (1780-1840), artist and naturalist, who was the first to study the fishes of the Great Lakes and the basin of Ohio. Constantine Samuel Rafinesque (1784-1842), the third of this remarkable but very dissimilar trio, published numerous papers descriptive of the species he had seen or heard of in his various botanical rambles. This culminated in his elaborate but untrustworthy
Most eminent among the students and as sistants of Professor Baird was his successor. George Brown Goode (1851-99), whose great est work, (Oceanic Ichthyology,' published in collaboration with Dr. Tarleton Hoffman Bean,
was barely finished at the time of his death. The work of Theodore Nicholas Gill and Ed ward Drinker Cope has been already noticed.
The present writer began a systematic (Cat:a alogue of the Fishes of North America' in 1875, in association with his gifted friend, Her bert Edson Copeland whose sud den death, after a few excellent pieces of work cut short the undertaking. Later, Charles Henry Gilbert (1860--), originally a student of Professor Copeland, took up the work, and in 1883 a 'Synopsis of the Fishes of North Amer ica' was completed by Jordan and Gilbert_ Dr.
Gilbert hes since been engaged in studies of the fishes of Panama, Alaska and other regions, and the second and enlarged edition of the was completed in 1898, as the 'Fishes of North and Middle in col laboration with another of the writer's students, Dr. Barton Warren Evermann.
As students of the extinct fishes, following the epoch-making Fossiles' of Louis Agassiz, some of the notable names are those of Pander, Asmuss, Heckel, Hugh Miller, Tra quair and Eastman. An indispensable (Hand buch der is that of Karl A. Zittel, translated by Charles R. Eastman. The most valuable general work is the (Catalogue of the Fossil Fishes in the British in four volumes, by Dr. Arthur Smith Wood ward, a worthy companion of Giinthees Cat alogue of living fishes.
States, and the remains of two species and of some allied forms, as Aptornis, are found in western Kansas, but they became extinct at the end of the period. See BIRDS, FOSSIL.