Impact
Impact, The Action Which Results On The Coming Together Of Two Bodies, One Or Both Of Them In Motion. If An Ivory Ball Fall On A Mar Ble Table Which Has A Thin Coating Of Oil, After Impact The Ball Is Found To Have On Its Surface A Patch Of ...
Impeachment
Impeachment. A Trial, Usually Of A Public Officer, For A High Crime Or Other Offense. In England The House Of Commons Is The Prosecutor And The Issue Is Tried And Determined Before The House Of Lords. Impeachment In England Dates Back To A Very Early Day, And Has Continued, With ...
Imperial Federation
Imperial Federation, A Term In English Politics For The Consolidation Of The British Empire, So As To Combine Its Resources For The Maintenance And Defense Of Common Interests, While Leaving Intact The Existing Rights Of Colonial Parliaments In Local Affairs. The Idea Was First Advocated By Thomas Pownall, Governor Of ...
Imperial Valley
Imperial Valley, A Large Section Of Country In The Middle Of Imperial County, Cal. The County Is 84 Miles Long From East To West And 54 Miles From North To South And Has An Area Of 4,536 Square Miles Or About 2,600,000 Acres. Its Southern Boundary Is The Inter National ...
Imperialism
Imperialism, The National Policy Which( Tends Toward The Expansion Of National Domina ;ion And National Ideas Over A Geographical Area, Wider Than That Of National Boundaries. As A Policy, It Is As Old As Civilization Itself ; An Em Pire Was Established By The Hvskos Which Ex Tended From Euphrates ...
Importance Of Being Earnest
Importance Of Being Earnest, The. If One Were To Select A Single One Of Oscar Wilde's Plays Which Should Best Ex Emplify His Contribution To English Drama, One Might Well Choose 'the Importance Of Be Ing Earnest,' Although It Is Neither The Most Important Nor The Best Known Of Them. ...
Imports And Exports
Imports And Exports, Taken To Gether, Represent The Foreign Trade Of A Coun Try; And, As Such, They Are Indicative Of Its Commercial Status Among Nations. Imports Are Classified As Those For Consumption By The Pop Ulation, And Those For Re-export. In The Classi Fication Of Exports, Therefore, The Re-exports ...
Impressionism
Impressionism Is The Name Given To A School Of Painting That Began To Manifest Itself In Paris In 1863, When The Works Of Edouard Manet (1832-83) And His Friends Were Rejected By The Salon Jury Of That Year. The Emperor, Napoleon Iii, Liberally Minded, Demanded That These Innovators Should At ...
Impressment
Impressment, The Act Of Seizing (goods, Etc.) For The Public Service, Or Of Forcibly Conscripting Individuals For Work In Connection With War. When Men Are Taken For The Army Or Navy This Is Usually Termed Con Scription In The Draft (q.v.). As An Act Of Military Necessity Many Persons Are ...
Imprisonment
Imprisonment Is One Of The Three Classes Of Punishment For Crime, Death And Penal Servitude Being The Other Two. It Has Always Been A Power Inherent In Courts Of Justice To Imprison For Contempt Of Their Au Thority, And Under Certain Conditions For Non Payment Of Debt. In Criminal Proceedings ...
Improved Order Of Red
Improved Order Of Red Men, An American Civic Society, With Benevolent And Social Characteristics, Organized 14 Oct. 1833. Founded Upon The Manners, Traditions And Cus Toms Of The Aborigines Of The Western World, The Order Adopted Their Unique Figures Of Speech, Which It Transmits With Historical Accuracy. Knowing That Some ...
In Memoriam
In Memoriam. 'in Memoriam' By Tennyson Is One Of The Great Elegies Of The English Language. 'lycidas' And 'adonais' Would Probably Both Come To Mind In Compari Son, But Neither Is So Widely Known, Nor Does Either Answer So Exactly To The Spirit Of The 19th Century. 'in Memoriam' Expresses ...
In Ole Virginia
In Ole Virginia, A Collection Of Negro Dialect Stories Published By Thomas Nelson Page In 1887, Is A Revelation Of The Life Of The Ante-bellum South As It Was Found In The Best Homes Of Virginia. It Is Not The Whole Truth With Regard To Slavery, But It Suggests The ...
In The Tennessee Mountains
In The Tennessee Mountains, A Collection Of Short Stories Published In 1884 By Charles Egbert Craddock (mary N. Mur Free), Reveals And Interprets The Primitive And Elemental Types Of Character To Be Found In The Mountains Of East Tennessee And Western North Carolina. Many Years Before The South Ern People ...
In The Valley 1890
In The Valley (1890), By Harold Frederic, Is Eminently Representative Of The His Torical Novels Which, During The Later Years Of The 19th Century In The United States, Contended, For A Time Successfully, With The Prevailing Vogue Of Realism. As In So Many Stones Of The Type, The Hero—a Mohawk ...
Incarnation
Incarnation (from Later Latin, In Canton°, First Used By Irenwus, A.d. 180, Derived From In And Carnem, Into Flesh), The Permanent Assumption Of Human Form Or Human Nature By A Divine Personage. In The Christian Religion, The Incarnation Sigats The Assumption Of Hu Man Nature By In Jesus Christ. The ...
Income
Income. Superficially, Nothing Seems Easier To Define Than A Man's Income. It Is The Money Which He Has To Spend In A Given Period Of Time, Say A Week, A Month Or A Year. Fundamentally, However, Few Things Are More Difficult To Define. A Spendthrift May Easily Spend More Than ...
Income Tax
Income Tax. Definition.—an Income Tax Is A Tax, The Amount Of Which Is Determined With Reference To The Income Of The Taxpayer, The Income Tax As A Theory Of Taxation. — The Underlying Theory Of Taxation Has Dergone Many Changes. But To-day The Com Monly Accepted Principle Of Taxation Is ...
Incubator
Incubator, A Machine Employed For The Artificial Hatching Of Chickens From Eggs. Such Devices Were Known To Mankind From Early Ages. Pliny Says That The Egyptians Thus Hatched 100,000,000 Chickens A Year. While Artificial Incubation Was Introduced Into France And England During The 18th Century, The In Cubator Was Brought ...
Index
Index, A Series Of References Arranged In Alphabetical Order Usually Placed At The End Of A Book. The Need Of Indexing Has Become More And More Apparent As The Mass Of Material Pub Lished Has Increased And The Spread Of Education Has Increased By Tens Of Thousands The Numbers Of ...
Index Librorum Prohibito Rum
Index Librorum Prohibito Rum. The Index Of Prohibited Books, Com Monly Spoken Of As The A Specific List Of Books Which Ecclesiastical Authority Pro Hibits Catholics From Reading. This Article Will Briefly Give The History Of The Index, The Right Of Censorship Claimed By The Catholic Churcit, And The Exercise ...
Index Number
Index Number, A Statistical Method Of Showing The Changes In The Value Of Money And Of Investigating And Measuring Variations In The Prices Of Commoditie., In General Or Of A Special Group Of The Latter. An Index Number Is The Result Of A Combination Of Several Items, Each Of Which ...
Index_2
Index, Cephalic, Cranial, Etc. For Some Years Anthropologists Have Taken Special Care In Determining Geometrically The Forms And Dimensions Of The Human Cranium Among The Different Races Of Mankind. The Task Is A Diffi Cult One Because The Human Cranium Is Not A Rectangular Box. Various Procedures Have Come Into ...
Jacob Wittmer Hartmann Ibycus
Jacob Wittmer Hartmann. Ibycus, 111-kiis, Greek Lyric Poet: B. Rhegium, Italy, Flourished In The 6th Century B.c. He Spent His Days Wandering About, H Sing Ing His Lyrics And Narrating Poems. E Was For Some Time A Member Of The Court Of Polycrates At Samos. While Traveling Near Corinth, A ...
Ligious
Ligious. The Papacy, Engaged In A Struggle With The Monarchs, Felt The Need Of Temporal Power And Strove For It. Innocent Iii Had Monarchs As His Vassals, And Wielded A Temporal Authority Greater Than That Of Any Previous Pope. After The Popes Had Triumphed Over The Hohen Stanfens They Seemed ...
Modern Historiography I
Modern Historiography. I. The Era Of Discoveries And The "com Mercial Revolution."— Inasmuch As History Down To Very Recent Times Has Been Regarded As Primarily The Domain And Province Of The Theologian Or /ittlroteur, It Was But Natural That Either The Reformation Or The Renaissance Should Be Taken As Marking ...
Mydraulic Crane
Mydraulic Crane, A Type Of Crane In Which The Motive Power Is Water Tinder Hydrau Lic Pressure. There Are Two General Styles Of Hydraulic Cranes: Direct-acting And Indirect Acting. In The Former Class The Lifting Mechan Ism Is Applied Directly To The Load; In The Latter The Power Works Upon ...
Origin And Development Of
Origin And Development Of History. 1. Archaeology As The «threshold» Of His Tory — Pre-literary History.— Having Seen That History In The Modern Sense Of The Term Goes Back To The Beginnings Of Any Record Of Human Existence And Activities, One Must Look For The Ultimate Origin Of History In ...
Patristic Historiography 1
. Patristic Historiography. 1. The Christian Synthesis Of The History Of The Past — One Of The Most Effective Agen Cies In Allaying Suspicion And Attracting Con Verts To A Movement Is The Ability To Point To A Glorious Past. The Christians Felt This Keenly, And, Having Adopted The Sacred ...
Quinol Hydroquinone
Hydroquinone, Quinol, Or Di Hydroxy-benzene (ch4(oh).), The Most Used Of All Photographic Developing Agents, Being Practically Indispensable In The Making Of Photographic Prints On Developing Paper. Its Characteristic Property Is The Great Density It Gives To The Developed Image, To The Point Of Harshness Of Contrast, And For This Reason ...
Ranieri Carlo Emanuele Giovanni
Humbert I, Ranieri Carlo Emanuele Giovanni Maria Ferdinando Eugenio, King Of Italy: B. Turin, 14 March 1844: D. Monza. Near Milan, 29 July 1900. He Was Eldest Son Of Vic Tor Emmanuel Ii And Queen Marie Adelaide, Daughter Of The Archduke Regnier Of Austria. He Received A Most Careful Education, ...
Roman
Roman Rome Added No Original Contributions To Historiography. As In All Other Phases Of Its Culture, Rome Here Followed The Model Set Up The Greeks. While There Were Distinguished Roman Historians, None Equalled Thucydides Or Polybius For Careful Adherence To Critical Method And Only Livy And Tacitus Approached The Best ...
Sir Howe
Howe, Sir William, English General: B. 10 Aug. 1729; D. 12 July 1814. He Was Edu Cated At Eton And Received A Commission In The Duke Of Cumberland's Light Dragoons In 1746. In 1772 He Was Promoted Major-general, Lieutenant-general In 1775 And A Full General In 1793. He Was A ...
Specific Heats Of
Specific Heats Of This Difference In Specific Heat In The Same Gas Is Due To Two Causes When The Gas Ex Pands, Not Only Do The Molecules Acquire Greater Kinetic Energy, But In Pushing Each Other Far Ther Apart Against The Attractive Force Of Co Hesion, They Require A Further ...
The Age Of Nation
The Age Of Nation States. The French Revolution, The Latter Part Of The Middle Ages Italy Had Given The World An Intellectual Revolution; Germany Began Modern History With A Religious Revolu Tion; And France Now Introduced The Last Great Division Of The Modern Period By A Political And Social Revolution. ...
The Industrial And Scientific
The Industrial And Scientific Revolu Tions And The Leading Tendencies In Modern Historiography. 1. The Persistence And Development Of Earlier Trends.— While The Major Portion Of The Progress In Historiography Since Ranke Has Consisted In Rise Of New And Sounder Tendencies There Have Been Important Improvements In The Earlier And ...
Or Arson Incendiarism
Incendiarism, Or Arson (from Lat. Incendere, To Set On Fire), The Criminal Malicious Voluntary Burning Of The Property Of Another. In Common Law The Term Is Confined To The Burning Of Houses Or Buildings Of What Ever Kind. In Roman Law The Penalty Of Death Was Provided For The Incendiary; ...
Or Diamidogen Hydrazine
Hydrazine, Or Diamidogen," A Substance Having The Formula Nsli, (or Iln. Nh,), Obtained (together With Oxalic Acid, H2c304,) By Heating An Aqueous Solution Of The Complicated Substance Known As Triazoacetic Acid (cshan.),(cooh)s. It Is A Gas With A Peculiar Penetrating Odor, But The Properties Of The Pure Substance Are Imperfectly ...
Or English Sparrow House
House Sparrow, Or English Sparrow, The Typical And Most Familiar Sparrow Of Europe (passer Domesticus), Which Has Now Become A Cosmopolitan. Its Original Specific Range Cannot Be Determined, As From The First It Has Attached Itself To Civilized Mankind, Clustering About His Cabins, Settlements And Cities, Because It Was Naturally, ...
Or Filbert Hazelnut
Hazelnut, Or Filbert, A Genus (corylus) Of Shrubs And Trees Of The Family Betulacece, Confined To The Northern Hemi Sphere. The Male Flowers Are In Long Cylindrical Aments Or Catkins; And The Fruit, A Nut, Is Marked At Its Base With A Large Cicatrix. The Inflorescences Of The Hazel Are ...
Or Headaches
Headaches, Or Pains In The Head, Arise From A Multiplicity Of Causes. In General They May Be Divided Into Two Great Groups: Those Due To Changes In Tension Within The Brain, Largely Brought About By Changes In The Blood Vessels. Sick Headache — So-called Congestive Headache—or They Are Really Not ...
Or Hosta Sacra Host
Host, Or Hosta Sacra (sacred Host), In The Liturgy Of The Catholic Church, The Body Of Christ Present In The Sacrifice Of The Mass Under The Appearance Of Bread (see Eucha Rist; Transubstantiation). The Latin Word Hostia Denotes That Which Is Offered In Sacrifice; Hence In The Mass, Where The ...
Or Hot Springs National
Hot Springs Reservation, Or Hot Springs National Park, Ar Kansas, The Oldest Of The 16 National Parks Of The United States. It Now Contains An Area Of 911 Acres Near The Centre Of Arkansas, And Is Visited Annually By 125,000 Or More Persons Who Are Attracted By The Fame Of ...
Or Hus Huss
Huss, Or Hus, John, Bohemian Religious Heresiarch: B. Husinec, Southern Bohemia, About 1369; D. Constance, Switzerland, 6 July 1415. He Studied At The University Of Prague And In 1398 Began To Lecture On Theology And Philosophy. In 1401 He Was Made Dean Of The Faculty Of Philosophy, And Was Made ...
Or Hydro Gen Bromide
Hydrobromic Acid, Or Hydro Gen Bromide, A Compound Having The For Mula Hbr, And Analogous In Its General Prop Erties To Hydrochloric And Hydriodic Acids. Hydrogen And Bromine Do Not Combine Directly, Even In Strong Sunlight; But When Hydrogen That Is Charged With Bromine Vapor Is Burned, Hydrobromic Acid And ...
Or Hydro Gen Chloride
Hydrochloric Acid, Or Hydro Gen Chloride, An Important Compound Of Hydrogen And Chlorine, Which Under The Names Of Salt° And Amuriatic Acid," Has Been Known In Aqueous Solution From Very Early Times. It Has The Chemical Formula Ho, And May Be Formed By Exposing A Mixture Of Equal Volumes Of ...
Or Hydrogen Iodide Hydriodic
Hydriodic Acid, Or Hydrogen Iodide Is An Acid Composed Of Hydrogen In Combination With Iodine, And Having The Formula Hi. Hydriodic Acid Is Analogous To The More Familiar Hydrochloric Acid, Both In Its Chemical Structure And In Its General Prop Erties. It May Be Prepared By The Direct Union Of ...
Or New Foes An
Hypatia, Or New Foes An Old Face (1853), Is A Striking And Brilliant Historical Novel By Charles Kingsley. The Scene Is Laid In Alexandria During The 5th Cen Turn, A.d., And It Is The Story Of A Five-fold Conflict Among The Jews, The Roman Authorities. Gothic Invaders, Greek Philosophers And ...
Or Prussic Acid Hydrocyanic
Hydrocyanic Acid, Or Prussic Acid, An Exceedingly Poisonous Substance, Discovered' Y Scheele In 1782. It Has The Chem Ical Formula Hcn, And May Be Formed By Passing A Series Of Electric Sparks Through A Mixture Of Nitrogen And Acetylene (q.v.). The Reaction In This Case Is 2n + C,f12.2hcn. The ...
Or Sorata Illampu
Illampu, Or Sorata, A Mountain Of Bolivia, In The Eastern Cordillera, Overlooking Lake Titicaca, 50 Miles North-north West Of La Paz. It Is About 21,500 Feet In Height, And Is Believed To Be The Highest Moun Tain Of The Bolivian Andes, Though This Distinc Tion Is Also Claimed For Illimani ...
Or Ynca Inca
Inca, Or Ynca, The Name Of A Tribe Of Peruvian Indians — Not Exclusively That Of A Royal Family Or Caste, As Has Been Commonly Asserted. The Members Of This Tribe Sometimes Called Their War-chief °cuzco,° Meaning Chief Or Lord Of Cuzco, But Probably More Often °the Royal Inca,° Or ...