India
India, Art And Architecture Of. Al Though Considerable Light Has Been Thrown On Indian Art And Architecture, A Great Part Of The Knowledge That Exists At Present Is Vitiated By The Fact Of The Subject Having Been Approached From A Very Unsympathetic Point Of View. The Fundamental Of Indian Art ...
India_2
India, Music Of. Music Was A Science In India Long Before It Was Considered So In Other Countries And The Hindu Scriptures Are The First In Recorded History To Mention Music As A Science. The Rig Veda Mentions Musical Instruments Like The Drum,' The Lute And The Flute. The Sama ...
Indians
Indians, Catholic Education Of The. Upon The Discovery Of America In 1492, The Various Religions Orders Of The Roman Catholic Church Hastened To Send Missionaries To The New Field. A Small School For The Education Of The Natives Was An Accompanying Feature Of Each Mission Station, And After Cortes Had ...
Indians
Indians, American. Columbus, When He Discovered America, Believed He Had Reached A Part Of Asia Or Of India, And In A Letter Of February 1493 Wrote Of "the Indians (in Span Ish, Indios) I Have With Me." Thus The Abo Rigines Of The New World Came To Be Called "indians" ...
Indicator
Indicator, In Steam Engineering, An Instrument Invented By James Watt, To Record, Graphically And Automatically, The Pressure In An Engine Cylinder At•every Point Of The Stroke. By Means Of The Diagram That The Indicator Draws, It Is Possible To Determine Whether The Valves Of The Engine Are Working Correctly Or ...
Indictment
Indictment, In-i:bement, A Formal Writ Ten Charge Made Before A Legal Tribunal Against An Accused Person Or Persons. The Essential Requisites Of A Valid Indictment Are — First, That The Indictment Be Presented To Some Court Hav Ing Jurisdiction Of The Offense Stated Therein; Second, That It Appear To Have ...
Indigo
Indigo, The Name Of A Genus Of Plants, And Of The Blue Coloring Matter Obtained From Them. The Indigo Plants Are Tall Herbs Of The Pea Family, Forming The Genus Indigofera, Of Which There Are Several Color-yielding Species In Various Warm Parts Of The World. The One Yielding The Indigo ...
Individual Psychology
Individual Psychology. This Term Is Applied To That Branch Of Psychology Which Deals With The Mental Variations Of In Dividuals From One Another. It Is Thus Contra Distinguished From General Psychology, Which Undertakes To Determine The Facts And Laws Of Conscious Processes As A Whole And Without Special Reference To ...
Individuality
Individuality, A Separate And Distinct Existence. The Fact That One Thing May Be Dis Tinguished From All Others Gives Individuality Its Meaning. Whether The Distinction Is Only Rela Tive Or Is Absolute Is Disputed Among Philos Ophers. The Problem Arises Out Of The Difficulty Of Thinking Of Any Distinctive Character ...
Indo Germanic Languages
Indo-germanic Languages Com Prise That Group Of Languages Which Took Their Rise In India And Iran And Which Now, By Com Mon Consent, With A Few Slight Exceptions, In Dude All The Tongues Spoken In Europe. There Are Seven Principal Branches Coming Under That Head, Namely: (1) Germanic; (2) Slavo-let ...
Induction
Induction, Mathematical Despite The Age-long Tyranny Exercised By The Aris Totelian Logic —a Tyranny Having, At Least In The Domain Of Science, Scarcely A Match Except In The Case Of Euclid's Elements — The Forms Of Thought, Those Diagrammatic Representations Of The Orderliness Of The Reasoning Processes, Sus Tain To-day ...
Induction
Induction, In Logic, That Method Of Reasoning Which Establishes General Laws Or Specific Predictions Of Future, Present Or Past Facts On The Basis Of Individual Experiences. It Is The Type Of Argument By Which, Let Us Say, The Law Of Universal Gravitation Is Demon Strated On The Basis Of Observations ...
Induction Balance
Induction Balance, In Physics, An Apparatus Designed For Measuring And Indicat Ing The Electrical Conductivity Of Metals. It Is Based Upon The Principle Of Induction. The Mere Proximity Of A Metal, Especially A Metal That Is A Good Conductor, Will Induce Or Draw Magnetization As Electrification From A Charged Wire, ...
Induction Coil
Induction Coil, One Of The Early Electrical Instruments, That Simply Illustrates The Principle Of Induction, Consisting Of An Iron Core About Which Two Wires Are Differ Ently Coiled: Now Used Mainly For Study, And In Connection With High Frequency Currents, Radiography And X-ray Investigations. (see 'minx-now). The Essential Features Of ...
Indulgence
Indulgence. An Indulgence Is A Par Tial Or Total Remission By The Church, Through An Extra-sacramental Channel, Of The Temporal Punishment Due For Sin After Its Guilt And Eternal Penalty Have Been Removed By The Sacra Ment Of Penance. The Theological Basis Upon Which The Doctrine Rests Is That All ...
Indus
Indus (sanskrit, Sindhu), The Chief Stream Of The Northwest Of India, And One Of The Great Rivers Of The World. It Has A Length Of About 1,900 Miles, And Drains An Area Of More Than 360,000 Square Miles. It Arises In Tibet On The North Of The Himalaya Mountains, Nearly ...
Industrial Distribution
Industrial Distribution. The Title Industrial Distribution, As Here Used, Re Fers To The Agencies And Policies Used By Manu Facturers In The Marketing Of Their Goods. If A Comprehensive Discussion Of Modern Market Ing Methods Were Contemplated It Would Be In Order To Define The Functions Of The Various In ...
Industrial Fatigue
Industrial Fatigue. No Phase Of Industrial Efficiency Is Attracting Greater Atten Tion, Both In This Country And In Europe, Than The Question Of Fatigue. 'while Comparatively Little Thought Was Given To This Matter Prior To The War, Except By A Few Progressive Manufac Turers And Exponents Of Scientific Management, The ...
Industrial Housing In The
Industrial Housing In The United States. Industrial Housing Is Usually Understood To Mean Housing Of Workers By Employers. The Growth Of The Co-partner Ship Movement In England And The Strong Ad Vocacy Of Its Introduction Into The United States .before The European War, And The Federal Gov Ernment's Own Experiment ...
Industrial Hygiene
Industrial Hygiene. The Policy Of Providing Healthful And Comfortable Working Quarters For Employees In Commercial And Man Ufacturing Establishments Has Been Developed Within Comparatively Few Years. Previous) Little Thought Was Given To Such Matters And, In Factories Especially, Operatives Were Crowde Together In Any Kind Of A Shop That Chance ...
Industrial Organization And Administration
Industrial Organization And Administration. In The Consideration Of The Organization And Management Of Manu Facturing Establishments Let Us, After Glancing At The Evolution Of American Business Admin Istration, Divide The Subject Into Three Parts, Namely, The Handling Of Finances, The Admin Istration Of The Manufacturing Processes, And The Control Of ...
Industrial Peace
Industrial Peace, Experiments In. The Desire To Find A Common Ground Of Understanding Between Capital And Labor With A View To Reducing The Enormous Financial Wastage Resulting From Needless Labor Strikes Is The Purpose Back Of Every Experiment In In Dustrial Peace That Has Been Inaugurated Dur Ing The Past ...
Industrial Relations Commis Sion
Industrial Relations Commis Sion. A Commission Created By.act Of Con Gress 23 Aug. 1912, For The Purpose Of Inquir Ing Into The General Condition Of Labor In The Principal Industries Of The United States, In Cluding Agriculture, And Especially In Those In Dustries Which Are Carried On In Corporate Forms; ...
Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution, The. Down To The Middle Of The 18th Century Few Mechanical Had Been Made And Peo Ple Were Still Using The Appliances In Use At The Time Of The Pharaohs. The People Of Western Europe Continued To Till Their Fields With Crude Implements, Harvest Their Grain With A ...
Industrial Workers
Industrial Workers. Education And Training Of. Industrial Education Is That Form Of Education, Whether Given In A School, A Factory Or Elsewhere, The Controlling Pur Pose Of Which Is To Train For Wage-earning, Or To Advance The Power Of Wage-earning In The Trades And Industries. It Must Be Considered From ...
Industries
Industries, Welfare Work In. An In Teresting And Valuable Feature Of Modern Indus Trial Life Is The Attention Given By Many Em Ployers To The Safety, Comfort. And Health Of Workers. The New Impetus In This Field Takes Its Origin Not Only From Philanthropic And Paternalistic Motives, But From The ...
Inertia
Inertia, In Physics, Denotes The Mechan Ical Continuance, Or Persistence, Of Energy In Existence. The German Language Has Two Words For Our Word "inertia." An Explanation Of These Should Serve As An Illustration Of The Way In Which Inertia Is Used In A Dual Sense By English-speaking Physicists. Beharrung, The ...
Inez De Castro
Inez De Castro. See Castro, Iwzz Mt. . Infallibility, Exemption From The Possibility Of Error. The Word Is Used As Ap Plied To Arguments, Statements, Reasoning Or The Formation Of Judgments, And Does Not Include Impeccability Or Exemption From The Error Of Sin. The Infallibility Of The Church As Believed ...
Infancy
Infancy. The Term Infancy Is Used Vari Ously By Different Writers To Include A Shorter Or Longer Period Of The Earliest Stage Of Human Existence. By Most Writers It, Is Limited To The First 12 Or 14 Months, Extending To The 'time When The Baby Begins To Walk And To ...
Infant
Infant, In Law. By The Common Law Per Sons Come To Majority At The Age Of 21 Years, Until Which Time They Are Called In Law Infants, But By Common Usage In The United States The Word Minor Prevails. This Rule Is Practically Universal, By Statute, For Males, But Many ...
Infantry
Infantry, Mounted, Soldiers Trained To Act As Foot And Cavalry Soldiers And Usually' Equipped With Rifles From Which Fact They Are Frequently Designated Mounted Riflemen. Their Supreme Advantage Over Ordinary Infantry Con Sists In Their Greater Mobility. This Arm Is But Effie Known At Present, But Was Favored By Many ...
Infantry
Infantry, Name Given To Soldiery Serv Ing On Foot And Using Small Arms And Equipped For Marching And Fighting On Foot. Modern Combat Demands The Highest Order Of Training, Discipline, Leadership And Morale On The Part Of The Infantry. Modern War Requires But One Kind Of Infantry—good Infantry—and This Must ...
Infection
Infection, Lie Introduction Of . Producing Micro-organisms In The Body. Infec Tion Inay Result In A Number Of Different Ways: Micro-organisms May Be Introduced By Means Of Direct, Injury. When A Person Falls And Cuts The' Hand, The Bacteria Of Pus-production Of Tetanus, May Be So Introduced, And Blood Poisoning ...
Infinity
Infinity, A Notion Which Has Assumed The Most Varied Forms, Characterized By Few Common Characteristics Except The Transcendence Of Our Customary Notions Of Boundedness And Limit. The Chief Types Of Infinitude Which Come To The Attention Of The Mathematician And Philosopher Are Cardinal Infinitude, Ordinal In Finitude, The Infinity Of ...
Inflammation
Inflammation, A Term Long Used To Indicate The Phenomena That Follow Mechanical, Chemical Or Physical Injuries To Living Tissues, These Changes Have Been Described For Centuries As Rubor (redness), Calor (heat), Dolor (pain) And Tumor (swelling), Which Are The Phenomena Particularly Seen On Surface Inflammations. At The Present Time The ...
Inflexion
Inflexion (latin, Inflexio, A Bending), That Process In Grammar Which Modifies Words When Placed In Relation To Other Words In A Sentence; The Act Or Process Of Varying The Form Of Words, As By Altering The Endings Or Suffixes, So As To Express Grammatical Relation Ship. It Was Primarily Called ...
Influenza
Influenza. The Word Is Derived From The Italian Influenza Di Freddo, Influence, Ef Fect Of Cold. The Other Common Name Is Grippe Or Grip, From The French Agripper, To At Tack, Or From Gripper, To Grip. The French Name Dates From 1712. Influenza Is A Febrile Affection Involving The Respiratory ...
Infralapsarianism
Infralapsarianism, In Soteriology, The Characteristic Theological Tenet And Practice Of Those Calvinists And Even Also Of Some Ro Man Catholics, Who Maintain The Dogma Of Ab Solute Divine Decrees Of Election And Approba Tion And Consider The Decree Of Election As Con, Templating The Apostasy As A Past Event, And ...
Infusion
Infusion, In Pharmacy, An Aqueous So Lution Of A Medicinal Substance Obtained By -treating With Water, Usually Without The Aid Of .boiling. The Water May Be Either Hot Or Cold, Varying With The Object To Be Obtained. Ac Cording To The Directions Of The United States Pharmacopceia, Infusions Are Generally ...
Infusoria
Infusoria, Protozoa Or Organisms Of The Primary Division Of The Animal Kingdom, Consisting Of Single Cell Or Groups Of Cells, Of The Classes Flagellata And Ciliata, So-called From Propagating And Abounding In Infusions Of O• Ganic Matter. While The Term, First Used In 1763, Is Now Restricted To The Ciliate ...