INEZ DE CASTRO. See CASTRO, Iwzz mt. . INFALLIBILITY, exemption from the possibility of error. The word is used as ap plied to arguments, statements, reasoning or the formation of judgments, and does not include impeccability or exemption from the error of sin. The infallibility of the Church as believed by Roman Catholics means that "the Church can neither deceive or be deceived in matters of faith and moralsp•, and she is limited to the definition of truths already contained in Scrip ture and tradition. The seat of infallibility rests in •the Pope as successor of Saint Peter (Matt. xvi, 18) and in the bishops in communion with the See of Rome, whether dispersed or united in a General Council. In the acts of the Vatican Council, held in Rome in 1870, the following is the text defining the nature of the infallibility of the Pope: "The Roman Pontiff, when he speaks ex cathedra, that is to say, when in the exercise of his office of pastor and teacher of all Christians; he, in virtue of his supreme apostolic authority defines that a doctrine on faith and morals is to be held by the whole Church, by the assistance of God promised to him in the person of blessed Peter, has that infallibility with which it was the will of our Divine Redeemer that His Church should be furnished in defining a doctrine on faith or morals, and that therefore these defini tions of the Roman Pontiff, of themselves and not through the consent of the Church, are irreformable.x' The Greek Church, the Church
of England and the Protestant Episcopal Church which is its representative and in com munion with it in the United States, believe that infallibility resides in the universal Church in accordance with Christ's promise of the Spirit that should guide His followers unto all truth. Consult Allies, 'See of Saint Peter' ; Ballerine, Potestate Summ. Pontif.)