JACKSON, Mich., city and county-seat of Jackson County; " situated on both banks of the Grand River; 37 miles. south of Lansing, 74 miles west of Detroit, 209 miles east of Chicago, 71 miles northwest of Toledo, 100 miles north of Fort Wayne, and on the main line of the Michigan Central Railroad. It is the termini of the Grand Rapids Division, Sagi naw Division, and Air Line Division of the Michigan Central; of the Toledo Division, and the Fort Wayne Division of the New York Central Railroad; of the Cincinnati Northern, a part of the Big Four system; of the Michi Air Line, a branch of the Grand Trunk Railroad It is connected with Detroit, also; by an electric road known as the Detroit United .Railway, and is connected with Battle Creek, Kalamazoo, Grand Rapids, Lansing, Owosso and Saint Johns by an electric system known as the Michigan Railway Company, the main offices of which are in Jackson. Jackson is situated in a rich, agricultural region and carries on an extensive trade in fruits, grains and vegetables. Among its chief manufactures are sewer pipe, automobiles, automobile acces sories, oil stoves, corsets and underwear, waists and skirts, engines and motors, locomotives, wire fence, agricultural implements, oils and greases, chemicals and medicines and foundry products. Among the important industries are iron and steel, cigar making, Portland cement and mining. All the above employ about hands, with a yearly output of more •than $100, 000,000. Coal and clay, the latter useful for" pottery, are found nearby. There are five banks with a combined capital and surplus of $1,768,000, with total resources of $15,888,252; bank clearings for 1918 •$53,568,324.53. There are six building and loan associations having combined assets of $5,576,53821: Jackson is the home of the first association in. Michigan.
There are 34 church edifices of the vari ous denominations. The school system is exceptionally fine, there being one city high school, two city intermediate high schools, 18 city grade schools, two parochial high schools and three parochial grade schools. There are two music conservatories and two business col leges. Among the prominent buildings are Carnegie library, the United States Government building, Elks temple, Masonic temple, City Club and the Arbeiter Verein Club buildings. The city also has a hospital and two sanitariums and there are located here also Mercy 'hospital, Young Men's and Young Women's Christian Association and the Odd Fellows State Home. There are two daily newspapers, one a paper and the other an evening paper with an aggregate circulation of 30,000 There are also three weeklies. In 1914 the city adopted the commission form . of government and is •operated under the city manager plan. The city is lighted by gas and electric light and owns and operates its water works. The first permanent settlement i made b Horace Blackman in 1829 and was first. called.t acksonburg in 1830. In the same year a post o ce was established and named Jackson apolis. in 1831 the township of Jacksonburg was formed and remained loth until 1838 when the name, was changed to Jackson. When the Michigan Central 'Railroad was constructed through the southern part of the State in 1841 Jackson grew rapidly, became a village in 1843, and an incorporated city in 1857. The inhabit ants are mainly native Wm, though about one third are of foreign descent, Irish. German, Polish and Italian predominating. Pop, about 55,000.