JELLICOE OF SCAPA), British admiral : b. 5 Dec. 1859. His father, Capt. J. H. Jellicoe, was for merly commodore of the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company, and his great-grandfather, Adm. Philip Patton, was second sea lord at the time of Trafalgar. Jellicoe entered the navy in 1872 and served as a lieutenant during the Egyp tian War, 1882. About that time he began to concentrate his attention on naval gunnery and came under the influence of Lord Fisher (q.v.), the captain of the gunnery school. In 1888 Fisher, as director of naval ordnance, made Jellicoe his assistant at the Admiralty. Pro moted commander in 1891, he was appointed to the training ship Victoria and was on that ves sel when she was rammed and sunk by the Camperdown in the Mediterranean in 1893. As a captain he was chief of staff to Admiral Sey mour in China in 1900 and was severely wound ed. After a period as naval assistant to the Controller of the Navy, he commanded the cruiser Drake and in 1905 became director of naval ordnance. For about 15 years he had served in high commands afloat, and alternately in administrative posts ashore. He was rear
admiral of the Atlantic fleet in 1907-08; third sea lord in 1908-10; vice-admiral commanding the Second Division of the Home Fleets, 1910 12; and second sea lord in 1912-14. Early in July 1914 it was announced that be had been selected commander-in-chief of the home fleets, his appointment to take effect at the end of the year on the retirement of Admiral Cal laghan. On the outbreak of the European War, however, he was immediately placed in com mand and hoisted his flag on the Iron Duke on 4 Aug. 1914, the day Great Britain entered the war. He retained that high command for two years and four months, during which time he commanded the grand fleet in the important bat tle of Jutland. In December 1916 Jellicoe was succeeded by Admiral Beatty (q.v.) and ap pointed first sea lord in place of Admiral Sir Henry Jackson. A year later, in December 1917, Vice-Admiral Sir Rosslyn Wemyss be came first sea lord and Jellicoe was raised to the peerage recognition of his very distin guished services?) See WAR, EUROPEAN NAVAL OPERATIONS.