JEVONS, William Stanley, English logi cian and economist : b. Liverpool, 1 Sept. 1835; d. Bexhill, near Hastings, 13 Aug. 1882. He was graduated from University College, Lon don. Having obtained an appointment in the Royal Mint, he went to New South Wales in 1854, but afterward returned to England, and in 1866 became professor of logic, philosophy and political economy in Owens College, Man chester, and this post he held until his resigna tion in 1876 in order to accept the chair of po litical economy in London University. He re tired from this position in 1880 for the purpose of devoting his whole time to literary pursuits. He was drowned while bathing at Bexhill, Sus sex. His writings include 'Pure Logic' (1864) and 'The Substitution of Similars) (1869), in which he sought to popularize symbolic logic through a modification of Boole's mathematical methods; 'Elementary Lessons in Logic' (1870) ; 'Theory of Political Economy' (1871); 'The Principles of Science' (1874) ; 'Money and the Mechanism of Exchange' (1875) 'Primer of Logic' (1876) ; 'Primer of Political Economy' (1878) ; 'Studies in Deductive Logic' (1880) ; and 'The State in Relation to Labour> (1882). Among works published post humously are 'Methods of Social Reform' (1883); 'Investigations in Currency and Fi nance' (1884) ; and 'Pure Logic' (1890) ; 'Principles of Economics' (1905), parts of an unfinished treatise on economics with a number of essays contributed to periodicals. In a pamphlet on the 'Coal Question' (1865) he presented a mass of evidence to show that Eng land's progress would be checked by want of coal; in his work in political economy he at tempted to put the chief definitions in the form of mathematical quantitative formula:, and in this way did important work in revealing the nature and relations of economic facts; he also developed the theory of marginal utility. His
'Life and Letters' edited by his wife were pub lished in 1886.
JEW, The Wandering, a poetical person age of popular traditions, who owes his exist ence to a story connected with the well-known scene in the history of Christ's passion. As Jesus was on the way to the place of execution, overcome with the weight of the cross, he wished to rest on a stone before the house of a Jew, whom the story calls Ahasuerus, who drove him away with curses. Jesus calmly re plied, "Thou shalt wander on the earth till I re turn." The astonished Jew did not come to himself till the crowd had passed and the streets were empty. Driven by fear and remorse, he has since wandered, according to the command of the Lord, from place to place, and has never yet been able to find a grave. Shelley, Lewis, Croly and Mrs. Norton in England, Schubart and Schlegel in Germany, and Sue in France, have turned this legend to account. Goethe has sketched Ahasuerus with great spirit and humor as a philosophic cobbler at Jerusalem who op poses Christ with a cold worldly logic which will not look above the things of earth. See