JOACHIM, yol-nim, Joseph, Hungarian violinist: b. Kittsee, near Presburg, 28une 1831; d. Berlin, 15 Aug. 1907. He was of Jew ish parentage and studied under Szervaczinsky at Budapest, with Bohm at Vienna and Haupt MUM at the Vienna Conservatory, and after appearances in concert continued his studies at Leipzig. He played in England in 1844. In 1849 he became concert-meister of the Weimar grand-ducal orchestra, of which Liszt was than conductor, in 1854-66 was solo-violinist and con ductor of concerts to the king of Hanover, and in 1868 became director of the Hochschule ffir ausfibende Tonkunst at Berlin. He be came known, both as an interpreter of the best music and as an executant, as the greatest vio linist of his time, and particularly as a quartette player gained an almost classic reputation. His compositions include the 'Hungarian Concerto' in D-minor for violin and orchestra, his most important works; ballads, trios, overtures, marches and works for violin and pianoforte.
He played also in the famous quartette which included De Ahna, second violin; Hausmann, 'cello, and Wirth, viola. Consult Moser, A., 'Joseph Joachim' (Berlin 1904); and Bickley, Nora, 'Letters from and to Joseph Joachim' (London 1914).
JOACHIM, Saint, Order of, an order of knighthood founded 20 June 1755, under the title °Order of Jonathan for the pur pose of defending the honor of Divine Provi dence.° It consisted of 14 dukes, princes, counts and nobles, and its grand master was Prince Franz Christian of Saxe-Coburg. Its object was by the establishment of corn manderies to stir up the rich to philanthropic work among the lower classes. This order was still in existence in 1820, but it has since then been dissolved.