In the Civil War which followed the inaugu ration of President Lincoln in 1861, Kansas showed its loyalty to the Union by furnishing 20,000 trained soldiers out of a total population of but little more than 100,000—a number greatly in excess of her quota, none of them drafted, and in proportion exceeding the en listments from any other State. A large part of this force was employed in defending the borders of the State from invasion by southern troops, Indians and guerrillas. During one of these border raids a force of 400 men under command of Quantrell invaded Lawrence, burn ing and pillaging the town and killing 150 de fenseless citizens. The war and the troubles with the Indians, together with a visitation of drought in 1860, greatly retarded the growth of Kansas, but when these obstacles were over come an era of progress and development set in which has never since abated. The splendid soil and auspicious climate and the general adaptability of the State to farming and stock raising purposes have attracted thousands of settlers to the State, and the advancement in all lines has been rapid, substantial and per manent.
For limited periods during the official inter ruptions incident to the organization of the Territory the following persons served terms as acting governor: Daniel Woodson, Fred erick P. Stanton, James W. Denver, Hugh S. Walsh, George M. Beebe.
United States James H. Lane (1861-66), Samuel C. Pomeroy (1861-73), Ed mund G. Ross (1866-71), Alexander Caldwell (1871-73), Robert Crozier (1873-74), James M. Harvey (1874-77), John J. Ingalls (1873-91), Preston B. Plumb (1877-91), William A. Peffer (1891-97), Bishop W. Perkins (1892-93), John Martin (1893-95), Lucien Baker (1895-1901), William A. Harris (1897-1903), Joseph IL Burton (1901-06), Chester I. Long (1903-09), Alfred W. Benson (1906-07), Charles Curtis (1907-13), Joseph L. Bristow (1909-15), Wil liam H. Thompson (1913-19), Charles Curtis (1915—), Arthur Capper (1919—).
State The State legislature consists of 40 senators and 125 representatives. Sessions are held biennially in odd-numbered years. Political complexion of the legislature
of 1917: Senate, 31 Republicans, 9 Democrats. House, 86 Republicans, 37 Democrats, 2 Social ists. The elective State officers include gov ernor, lieutenant-governor, secretary of state, auditor, treasurer, attorney-general, state super intendent of public instruction, commissioner of insurance, state printer and seven justices of the Supreme Court. Supreme Court jus tices are elected for a term of six years, and other State officers for two years. United States senators are chosen by the primary election method. In 1917 Kansas adopted the State manager plan of governing the various State institutions and the experiment has been uniformly successful. Kansas is divided into eight congressional districts, of which six are now filled by Democrats and two by Republi cans. At the November 1918 election the Re publicans gained control of seven congressional districts, leaving one district in control of the Democrats, At the general election of 1914 Kansas women were given the right of unre stricted suffrage, the vote on the proposition being 175,246 for and 159,197 against. In nearly every county in the State women have been elected to county, municipal and school offices.
National State of Kansas furnished a total of 82,000 soldiers, sailors and marines during the progress of the great World War, including National Guard units, enlist ments in the regular army and men drafted for the service. A record equal to that of any other State was made in all of the miscel laneous activities connected with the war. One of the largest cantonments in the United States was maintained by the government at Camp Funston, Kansas, adjacent to Fort Riley.
Every demand made upon the State in the form of popular subscriptions for the support of the war and the relief and comfort of the military and naval forces was promptly met, and in amounts exceeding the apportionment, the investment subscriptions showing a per centage of 120 plus. The principal subscrip tions are comprised in the following table: