LANARKSHIRE, an inland county in the southwest of Scotland, bounded on the north by Dumbarton and Stirling shires, east by Lin lithgow, Midlothian and Peeblesshire, south by Dumfriesshire and west by Ayrshire and Ren frewshire. Area, 897 square miles. Holding tenth place in area of the Scottish counties, it contains one-fourth of the population of the country. It is almost entirely drained by the river Clyde and its affluents, and shows a re markable diversity of aspect, bleak uplands, smiling orchards, busy coal fields and manufac turing districts. The surface rises toward the south, where the Leadhills reach an altitude of 2,403 feet. The Upper (or southern) Ward is chiefly composed of hill or moorland; the Middle Ward is famous for its orchards and the Lower Ward has rich alluvial lands. Dairy farming is one of the principal agricultural industries. Lead-mining is carried on. It is the principal seat of the iron and coal trade of Scotland, with its numerous dependent indus tries, about 50 per cent of the coal mined in Scotland is raised in Lanarkshire. For Parlia
mentary purposes the county contains six divi sions. The county town is Lanark (q.v.). Pop., including Glasgow, 1,486,081; exclusive of Glas gow, 662,575.
•Lanarkshire, which has many interesting Celtic and Roman remains, was in ancient times inhabited by the Damnonii, a Celtic tribe. It formed part of the Saxon kingdom of Strath clyde, which in the 7th century was subdued by the Northumbrian Saxons, when great num bers of the Celts migrated to Wales. The county has stirring associations with the struggle for Scottish independence; at Langside the fate of Mary, Queen of Scots, was settled by the de feat of her forces by the Regent Moray (1568); the Covenanters defeated Claverhouse at Dum clog in 1679, and were in turn defeated by the Duke of Monmouth at Bothwell Brig in the same year.