Labor
Labor, Department Of. A Government Department Of The United States Established By Act Of Congress, Approved 4 March 1913, "to Foster, Promote, And Develop The Welfare Of The Wage Earners Of The United States, To Improve Their Working Conditions, And To Advance Their Opportunities For Profitable Be Fore The Passage ...
Labor Party
Labor Party, The, A British Political Party Made Up Of Trade Unions, Trades Councils, Socialist Societies And Labor Associations. The Name Was Adopted By The Labor Representation Committee In 1906 And Its Purpose Was De Clared To Be The Maintaining Of A Parliamentary Labor Party Acting Independently As To Policy ...
Labor Turnover
Labor Turnover. The First Definition Of The Term "labor Turnover') That Has Been Presented With Any Considerable Degree Of Authority Was Offered By The Bureau Of Labor Statistics Of The United States Depart Ment Of Labor, In 1918. Prior To This Time There Had Been So Great A Diversity Of ...
Labor Unions
Labor Unions. The Government Of Labor Unions Has Developed Somewhat Like Our Political Institutions. First There Was The Local Union, Which Confined Its Activities To One Place And Was Democratic. The Members All Came Together In Primary Assembly Where They Decided All Questions And Elected A Few Officers For Short ...
Laboratory
Laboratory ( From The Mediaeval Latin Laboratorium, A Workshop). The Word Is Used To Denote Any Room Or Building Devoted To Experimental Investigations In Technics And The Sciences For The Purpose Of Advancing Man's Knowledge Of Special Applications Of Natural Law Or Of Human Physiology And Mentality. Lab Oratories Have ...
Labori
Labori, Fernand Gustave Gaston, Fer Niii Giis-tiv Gas-toii French Lawyer And Editor : B. Rheims, 18 April 1860; D. 14 March 1917. He Studied At The Rheims Lycie And For Two Years In Germany And England; Took His Degrees In The Law Faculty Of Paris In 1881 And 1883, And ...
Laboulaye
Laboulaye, Edouard Ren6 Lefebvre De, A-doo-fir Re-n3 Le-favr La-boo-11, French Publicist And Jurist : B. Paris, 18 Jan. 1811; D. There, 23 May 1883. He Studied Law And In 1842 Hejoined The Paris Bar. He Was A Close Student Of The Great German Writers On Juris Prudence, Whose Works And ...
Labrador
Labrador. History.—the Peninsula Of Labrador Is Distinguished As The First Part Of North America To Be Discovered By Europeans,. And By Being The Last Portion Of The Continent In Which Large Areas Remain Unex Plored By White Men. Lief, The Norseman, Voyaging Westward From Greenland In The Year 1000 Reached ...
Labyrinth
Labyrinth, A Structnre Having Many Intricate, Winding Passages; Specifically, The Legendary Labyrinth Of Crete, Out Of Which No One Could Find His Way, But Became The Prey Of The Minotaur. This Greek Legend Has Been Interpreted As A Sun-myth, And In Various Other Ways, But Excavations In Crete Since 1900 ...
Labyrinth_2
Labyrinth, The. In The Labyrinth' Decla10), Played In 1903, Paul Hervieu, The Most Logical And Abstract Of Contemporary French Dramatists, Has Developed A Theme Sug Gested Five Years Earlier By Brieux In The Cradle' Berceau)). What, Both Writers Ask, Will Be The Results Of Divorce And Remarriage When A Wife ...
Lace
Lace, A Cobweb Background Of Threads With Delicate Patterns Of Flowers, Figures And Scrolls, Also Of Threads, And Used For Ruffs, Cuffs, Collars, Caps, Scarves, Handkerchiefs, Cravats And Aprons, And To Trim Articles Of Clothing, Was First Made In The 16th Century. It Reached Perfection In The 17th And 18th ...
Lacertilia
Lacertilia, 15s-er-tilla, Or Auto Sauri, The Order Of Saurian Reptiles Which Contains The Lizards. These Are Distinguished From The Serpents (ophidia), To Which They Are Most Nearly Allied By The Fact That The Right And Left Halves Of The Mandibles (lower Jaws) Are Connected By A Sutural Syrpphysis, Whereas Those ...
Lachaise
Lachaise, Francois D'abt De, Fait Swii Di De La-shaz, French Tesuit Confessor Of Louis, Xiv: B. Chateau D'aix, 25 Aug. 1624; D. Paris, 20 Jan. 1709. He Was The Provincial Of His Order When Louis, On The Death Of His .former Confessor, Appointed Lachaise To That Office. The New Confessor ...
Lacolle Mill
Lacolle Mill, Battle Of, In The War Of 1812. Shortly After Gen. Wade Hampton Went Into Winter Quarters Following The Battle Of Chateauguay (q.v.), Gen. James Wilkinson Went To Plattsburg And Wrote A Letter To The Secretary Of War Demanding A Review Of His Conduct By A Court-martial. Pending A ...
Lacordaire
Lacordaire, Lalfiedar, Jean Baptiste Henri Dominique, French Preacher: B. Recy Sur-ource, 12 March 1802; D. Soreze, 22 Nov. 1861. After Studying Law In Paris He Began Practice In That City. He Was In Religion A Deist Of The Voltairian School, And It Was Only After Reading The
Lacquering
Lacquering, Lalc'er-ing, The Art Of Giving A Smooth And Brilliant Surface With Vari Ous Preparations Of Shellac (see Japan Ning). In Chinese Lacquering They First Stop Up The Holes And Crevices, Covering All The Imper Fections With A Coating Of Diluted Lac By Means Of A Flat, Close, Short Brush. ...
Lacquers And Lacquerwork
Lacquers And Lacquerwork. While The Art Of Lacquerwork Was First Known To The Chinese And Taught By Them To The Japanese, This Latter Nation Has So Far Excelled All Others As To Make Its Lacquer Product Stand Out As A Class By Itself. Louis Gonse Says: "japanese Lacquer Objects Are ...
Lactic Acid Cho
Lactic Acid (c.h.o.). Scheele, In 1780, Was The First To Describe The Acid Present In Sour Milk. In 1832 Liebig And Mitscherlich Showed It To Be A Distinct Acid. Lactic Acid Is Widely Distributed In Nature, Occurring In The Sap Of Several Plant Families, In Sour Milk, Hi The Saliva, ...
Ladd
Ladd, George Trumbull, American Edu Cator: B. Painesville, Lake County, Ohio, 19 Jan. 1842. The Ladds, Originally Of Norman French Extraction, Intermarried With The Welsh Family Of Williams And The Name Appears In English History As Early As The 13th Century. Dr. Ladd Is A Lineal Descendant, Through The Paternal ...
Lady Windermeres
Lady Windermere's Oscar Wilde Had Made Himself Notorious In Affecting To Write Only To The Few. In 'lady Winder Mere's Fan' He Throws His Dart Directly At Popularity With The Many. Nothing In Wilde's Career Is More Perverse And More Character Istic Than The Extraordinary Success Of His Series Of ...
Lady Of The Lake
Lady Of The Lake, The. Scott's 'lady Of The Lake,' Published 1810, Was The Third Of His Metrical Romances, Following The 'lay Of The Last Minstrel> And 'marmion.) It Was In Part The Result Of A Trip Which Scott Had Made, On Legal Business, Into The Highland Coun Try, Where ...
Lafayette
Lafayette, Ind., City And County-seat Of Tippecanoe County, On The Wabash River, And The Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago And Saint Louis, Chicago, Indianapolis And Louis Ville (monon), The Lake Erie And Western And The Wabash Railroads, 64 Miles North West Of Indianapolis And 120 Miles South East Of Chicago. The Terre ...
Lafayette At Barren Hill
Lafayette At Barren Hill. The First Independent Command Of The Conti Nentals Entrusted By Washington To Lafayette As A Major-general Was With 2,100 Of His Best Troops (out Of 11,800 Effectives Trained By Steu Ben), With Five Pieces Of Artillery, To Take A Position On Barren Hill, 10 Miles From ...
Lagerlof
Lagerlof, (ottilia Lovisa) Selma, Swedish Author: B. M&rbacka, Verm Land, 20 Nov. 1858. Her Father Was A Swedish Army Officer; Her Mother Came Of A Family Of Artists And Clergymen. She Was Educated At The Royal Women's Superior Training College, Stockholm. She Became A Teacher At The Girls' High School ...
Lagrange
Lagrange, Joseph Louis, La-granzh, Comm, French Mathematician: B. Turin, 25 Jan. 1736; D. Paris, 10 April 1813. His Great-grandfather Was A Cavalry Officer In The French Army, Who Afterward Passed Into The Service Of Sardinia. When Scarcely 19 La Grange Was Made Mathematical Professor In The Artillery School At Turin. ...
Lahore
Lahore, India, Second City And Capital Of The Punjab, On The Left Bank Of The Ravi, 298 Miles Northwest Of Delhi By Rail. The Native City Covers An Area Of 640 Acres, Surrounded By A Brick Wall 30 Feet High, Flanked By Bastions, And Approached By 13 Gates. The Streets ...
Laibach
. Laibach, Lrbih, Slovenian Ljubljana, Capital Of The Austrian Grand-duchy Carniola, Located On The Laibach River, Which Is Spanned Here By Seven Bridges, And On The Southern Branch Of The Vienna-trieste And The Laibach Oberlaibach, And Other Railways. It Is Embel Lished With Large Squares, And The Monument To Radetzki ...
Lais
Lais, La Ts, The Name Of Two Greek Hetwrm, Celebrated For Their Remarkable Beauty. The First Lived At Corinth At The Time Of The Peloponnesian War; The Most Eminent And Wealthy Men Of The Time, Including Aristippus, The Cyrenaic Philosopher, And Diogenes, The Cynic, Fell Under Her Spell. The Younger ...
Lakanal
Lakanal, Joseph, French Statesman : B. Serres, 14 July 1762; D. Paris, 14 Feb. 1845. He Was Educated By The Doc Trinaires, Joined Their Congregation And Became A Teacher, Then Professor In Philosophy At Moulins. In 1791 His Uncle Font Made Him Vicar-general At Ariege, And He Was Sent To ...
Lake Dwellings
Lake Dwellings, Dwelling-houses Of Men Built On Piles In The Water Near The Shore Of A Lake. They May Be Considered In Two Categories: (1) The Prehistoric Structures Of Switzerland And The Neighboring Region; And (2) More Modern Structures Elsewhere. Swiss Lake Villages Con Structed By Men Of The Neolithic ...
Lake Forest University
Lake Forest University, At Lake Forest, Ill., Is An Educational Corporation, Operating Four Institutions: Lake Forest Col Lege, Opened In 1876, Offering Courses In Liberal Arts And Sciences For Both Men And Women ; Lake Forest Academy, A Boys' Preparatory School, Opened In 1858; Ferry Hall, Opened In 1869, A ...
Lake George
Lake George, In The Eastern Part Of The State Of New York, Is One Of The Most Beautiful, Noted And Picturesque Lakes In The World. It Is Fed Mostly By Ice Cold Springs, There Being Less Than Half A Dozen Living Streams Flowing Into It. Its Outlet Is Lake Champlain ...
Lake Trout
Lake Trout, Two Salmonoid Fishes Of The Genus Cristivomer Inhabiting Lakes In The Northern United States And Southern Canada, (1) The Great Lake Trout (c. Notnaycush ); And (2) The Siscowet (c. Siscowet). The Former, And More Important, Occurs In Most Of The Larger Lakes And Ponds From New Brunswick ...
Lake Of The Woods
Lake Of The Woods, A Boundary Lake, Partly In The Province Of Ontario, Can Ada, And Partly Within The State Of Minnesota And With A Small Part In Manitoba, 190 Miles West-northwest Of Lake Superior And 377 Feet Above Its Level. It Is Broken By One Long Prom Ontory And ...
Lallegro
L'allegro,
Lallemand
Lallemand, Layman', Charles Francois Antoine, Baron, French General: B. Metz, 23 June 1774; D. Paris, 9 March 1839. A Volunteer Of 1792, He Became An Aide-de-camp Of Junot And Gained The Grade Of Colonel By His Conduct At Jena. In Spain He Was Advanced (1811) To Brigadier-general And Took An ...
Lamaism
Lamaism, The Name Usually Given In The Occident To The Form Of Buddhism Which Is The Prevailing Religion In Tibet And In Parts Of Central Asia. The Word Is Derived From The Tibetan Lama, "superior One," A Term Properly Applied To The Higher Clergy, Though Often Given By Courtesy To ...
Lamar
Lamar, Muir, Lucius Quintus Cincin Natus, American Jurist : B. Eatonton, Putnam County, Ga., 1 Sept. 1825; D. Macon, Ga., 23 Jan. 1893. He Was Graduated From Emory Col Lege (oxford, Ga.), Studied Law At Macon, Was Admitted To The Bar In 1847, Removed In 1849 To Oxford, Miss., Was ...
Lamar_2
Lamar, Mirabeau Buonaparte, American Politician, Second President Of The Republic Of Texas : B. Louisville, Ga., 16 Aug. 1798; D. Rich Mond, Tex., 19 Dec. 1859. After Being Em Ployed A Number Of Years In Mercantile Business And Farming, He Established In 1828 The Colum Bus Inquirer, A Journal Devoted ...
Lamarck
Lamarck, La'mark', Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine De Monet, Chevalier De, French Scientist, A Pre-darwinian Evolutionist: B. Bazentin, Picardy, 1 Aug. 1744; D. Paris, 18 Dec. 1829. He Was Of Noble Family, Entered The Army In 1760, But Was Compelled On Account Of An Accident To Abandon Active Military Service, After ...
Lamarckism
Lamarckism, La-marlizm. The Theory Of Organic Evolution Which, In Brief, Accounts For The Origin Of Life-forms By Change Of Envi Ronment, The Exercise Or Use, And The Disuse Of Organs, And The Transmission Of Characteristics Acquired During The Lifetime Of The Individual. It Differs From Darwinism In Lacking The Prin ...
Lamartine
Lamartine, La'maiten, Alphonse Marie Louis De Prat De, French Poet And Statesman: B. Macon, Burgundy, 21 Oct. 1790; D. 28 Feb. 1869. He Came Of Well-to-do Parents Of Royal Ist Sympathies. His Father Was Imprisoned During The Terror. He Was Educated First By His Mother, Then, After A Brief Period ...
Lamb
Lamb, Charles, English Poet, Critic And Essayist: B. The Temple, London, 10 Feb. 1775; D. Edmonton, England, 27 Dec. 1834. Lamb Was The Youngest Of Three Surviving Children. Among Seven, Of John Lamb, A Clerk In The Inner Temple, And Elizabeth [field] Lamb. Both Parents Were Of Humble And Rural ...
Lamb In Art
Lamb In Art. In The Ancient Christian Art Of The Catacombs We Find The Lamb Figuring As Emblem Of The Redeemer As Early As The 3d Century, Though Rarely, Later To Become Quite Commonly Used To Represent Christ, And Re Ferring To The Mention By Saint John The Evan Gelist ...
Lamballe
Lamballe, Marie Therese Louise De Savoie-carignano, Piuncesse French-italian Princess, Friend Of Marie An Toinette: B. Turin, 8 Sept. 1749; D. Paris, 3 Sept. 1792. She Was The Fourth Daughter Of Prince Lccuis Victor Of Carignano And In 1767 Was Married To Prince De Lam Balle Who Died In The Following ...
Lambert
Lambert, John, English Soldier: B. Kirkby Malhamdale, Yorkshire, 7 Nov. 1619; D. 1683. He Entered The Army And Had At Tained The Rank Of Colonel In 1644, When He Fought Against The King At The Battle Of Mar Ston Moor. He Assisted Ireton In Drawing Up The "heads Of The ...
Lamennais
Lamennais, Hughes Felicite Robert De, French Religious And Political Au Thor: B. Saint Malo, 19 June 1782; D. Paris, 17 Feb. 1854. His Father Was Ennobled In 1788 For Public Services. His Mother Died When The Boy Was Five Years Old, And He Was Sent To Live With His Uncle ...
Lamia
Lamia. This Narrative Poem In Couplets Was Written By Keats In 1819 And Published, To Gether With 'isabella' And Eve Of Saint Agnes' In 1820. Keats Founded His Poem On An Incident Given By Burton In The 'anatomy Of Melancholy) From Philistratus, Concerning The Marriage Of A Corinthian Youth To ...
Lamp
Lamp, Any Contrivance Which Through The Formation Of Its Parts Affords A Means Of Pro Ducing Light, And Sometimes Heat, By The Com Bustion Of Oils, Fats Or Inflammable Fluids, With The Aid Of A Wick, Which, By Capillary Attraction, Conveys The Substance Burned To The Flame Point. By Modern ...
Lamsdorff
Lamsdorff, Lints'dorf, Or Lambs. Dorf, Vladimir Nikolaevitch, Count, Rus Sian Statesman: B. Petrograd, 25 Dec. 1844 (old Style) ; D. 20 March 1907. He Entered The For Eign Office In 1866 And Was Continuously In Service Until His Resignation In 1906. He Be Came Assistant Foreign Minister In 1897 And ...
Lanarkshire
Lanarkshire, An Inland County In The Southwest Of Scotland, Bounded On The North By Dumbarton And Stirling Shires, East By Lin Lithgow, Midlothian And Peeblesshire, South By Dumfriesshire And West By Ayrshire And Ren Frewshire. Area, 897 Square Miles. Holding Tenth Place In Area Of The Scottish Counties, It Contains ...
Lancaster
Lancaster, Pa., City And County-seat Of Lancaster County, The Richest Agricultural County In The United States (census 1910), On The Main Line Of The Pennsylvania And The Phil Adelphia And Reading Railroads, 68 Miles West Of Philadelphia And 37 Miles East Of Harris Burg. It Is The Manufacturing Trade Centre ...
Lancasterian Schools
Lancasterian Schools. Democ Racy Had Not Yet Obtained Such A Strong Hold Upon The People Of America At The Beginning Of The 19th Century As To Lead Them To Provide Free Public Schools For All The Children. Then, Too, The Financial Conditions Of The Country Were Such That The People ...
Lanciani
Lanciani, I An-chra'ne, Italian Archaeologist : B. 1847. Fie Received His Education At Romano And The University Of Rome, And In 1878 Was Made Professor Of Roman Topog Raphy In The :litter. He Attained Relehntir By Hisinvestigaikns Among The Ruins Of Rome, Is Dr Upward Of 400 Archmolo,gical Or,historical Polications, ...
Land Banks
Land Banks, Massachusetts. Early In The 18th Century Massachusetts Paper Cur Rency Had Driven Abroad Nearly All Her Coin, Broken Her Credit And Demoralized Her Business, And The Failure Of The Quebec Expedition In 1711 Carried The Embarrassment To A Climax. Encouraged By The Success Of The South Sea Scheme ...
Land Bridges Across The Oceans
Land-bridges Across The Oceans. One Of The Most Attractive Studies In Geology Is That Of The Change In Form Of The Continents, And In The Relative Spaces Of Ocean, Especially Since The Continents Assumed Their Present General Shape, And Especially Since The Beginning Of The Age Of Mammals, Or Tertiary ...
Land Crabs
Land Crabs. Almost All Shore-crabs Will Withstand Exposure To The Air For Some Hours Without Suffering Injury, And Many Of Them Are Regularly So Exposed At Ebb Tide. It Is Not Surprising, Then, That Some Of Them Have Wandered Far From The Seashore Into The Fresh Water Streams And The ...
Land League
Land League, An Irish Organization Founded Under The Presidency Of Charles S. Parnell, But Of Which The Inspirational Force Was Michael Davitt, Which Came Into Being At A Meeting Held In Dublin, 21 Oct. 1879. The Failure Of The Irish Crops In 1878-79 Was Fol Lowed By Distress Among The ...
Land Office Of The
Land Office Of The United States, A Government Department Charged With The Management And Disposal Of The Pub Lic Lands. On 25 April 1812 It Was Organized As A Bureau Of The Treasury Department, But On The Creation Of The Department Of The In Terior, It Was Transferred To The ...