KERESAN, or OUERES (the aboriginal stock name), a group of Pueblo Indian tribes, in seven permanent villages on the Rio Grande and to the westward thereof, in New Mexico. They form the Queres, or Keresan, linguistic family, speaking a distinct stock language. The Indians claim to have had their origin at Ship apu, a mythic place in the north, from which they gradually drifted southward and occupied, still in prehistoric times, the Rito de los Frijoles. west of the Rio Grande, where they excavated the cavate lodges in the soft volcanic tufa cliffs still to be seen. These were abandoned before the coming of Coronado, in 1540, who found the Queres in seven pueblos (excluding Acoma and probably Sia) forming the province of °Quirix," along the Rio Grande. In 1630 they were reported by Fray Alonzo de Benavides to number 4,000, but this and other early estimates did not include Acoma. (See PUEBLO). The present qucres pueblos are as follows: Cochiti (native Kotviti).— On the west bank of the Rio Grande, 27 miles southwest of Santa Fe. In prehistoric times the natives of Cochiti and San Felipe formed one tribe, buoon account of the hostility of the Tewas (see TA NOAN FAMILY), they divided, the latter build= ing a village near their present pueblo, the for mer settling in the Potrero Viejo, which they later abandoned, moving to near their present location, where they were found by Mate in 1598. The Cochiti villagers were active partici pants in the Pueblo revolt of 1680, killing their missionary, but continuing to occupy their town. On learning of the approach, of the Spaniards to reconquer their town a couple of years later, they fled, with the people of Santo Domingo and San Felipe, to the Potrero Viejo, where they remained almost uninterruptedly until 1692, when they were induced by Vargas to return.to their homes. The Cochin and Santo Domingo people again fled to the Potrero, however, where they were assaulted by Vargas in 1693 and severely defeated, 200 of their women being captured and their pueblo burned. Cochiti be
came the seat of the mission of San Buena+ ventura early in the 17th century. Of the 16 clans 4 are extinct.
San Felipe (native name Katisittya).—On the west bank of the Rio Grande, 12 miles above Bernalillo. Formerly combined with the peo ple of Cochiti, but independently occupying the vicinity of the present site at least since 1540. It was the seat of one of the earliest missions of New Mexico, its first church being erected prior to 1607. The inhabitants participated with those of Cochiti and Santo Domingo in the great revolt of 1680, but aided Vargas in dis lodging the Cochitefios from the Potrero Viejo in 1693. They had no resident missionary at the time of the revolt, but aided in murdering the priests of Cochiti and Santo Domingo. After leaving the Potrero in 1692 the San Felipe peo ple built a new pueblo on a mesa northwest of their present town, where a church (the walls of which are still standing) was erected in 1694. This was abandoned early in the 18th century and the present pueblo established, the fourth to bear the name Katishtya. Of the 30 San Felipe clans 9 are extinct.
Santo Domingo (native name Kiwa or Dyiwa).— On the east bank of the Rio Grande, 18 miles above Bernalillo. In prehistoric times the inhabitants occupied successively the Po trero de la Canada Quemada and two pueblos called Guipuy, in the latter' of which, on the 'Rio Grande, they were found by ()nate in 1598. Like its predecessor, the second Guipuy, as well as Huashpatzena, the settlement which followed, was swept away by flood, and the present Santo Domingo had three similar but less severe disasters between its founding in 1692 and 1886, when a freshet destroyed its fine old church with carved doors bearing the Spanish coat of arms. At the time of the Pueblo rebellion of 1680, it was an important mission seat and the residence of the custodian of the province, who, with two other priests, were slain. The pueblo. has•18 surviving clans.