Santa Ana (native name Tamaya).— On the northern bank of the Rio Jemez, a western tributary of the Rio Grande. Before the Span ish advent the inhabitants lived nearer the Rio Grande and in 1598 resided on a mesa between the present pueblo and San Felipe. They joined the San Felipe and Santo Domingo people in the great revolt, but in 1687 their village was carried by storm and burned, several of the natives perishing. The present town was built after 1692. It became a mission early in the 17th century, but had no resident missionary at the time of the rebellion. Santa Ana has 7 clans.
Sia (native Tsia).—On the north bank of Jemez River, 16 miles northwest of Bernalillo. It was 'formerly a pueblo of great importance, and in 1583 was said by Espejo to be the chief one of five towns forming the province of It early became the seat of Nuestra Senora de la Asuncion. Its inhabitants made a most determined stand during the revolt of 1680, but in 1689 they were assaulted by the Spaniards, their pueblo wrecked, and the tribe decimated in the bloodiest engagement of the rebellion. Since this time the little tribe has been declining; Sia formerly had 37 clans, but of these only 16 survive.
Acotna from Akene, °People of the White Rock").— This pueblo and Laguna form the western division of the Queres stock. Acoma is picturesquely and strongly situated on a rock mesa, 357 feet high, about 60 miles west of the Rio Grande. It was first mentioned as *Aces' by Marcos de Niza in 1539 and visited by Coronado in 1540. Acoma has the distinc tion of being_ the oldest continuously occupied town in the United States. The natives treach erously killed several Spaniards of Ofiate's force late in 1598, but in the following January the Spaniards led an expedition against the mesa, stormed and captured the town, killed about half the inhabitants, and burned some of the houses. Acoma became the seat of the mis
sion of San Estevan in 1629; the natives mur dered their missionary in the revolt of 1680, and remained in their fortified retreat until 1699, when they were induced to submit to the Spanish authorities. The present large adobe church, with its remarkable cemetery filled in with earth carried from the valley below, dates from the reconquest. In prehistoric times the Acomas lived on the summit of an even loftier mesa, known as Katzima, or the °Enchanted Mesa,' three miles northeastward. According to tradition (verified by an examination of the summit and the surroundings of the mesa by F. W. Hodge in 1897), the only trail was washed away in a storm, leaving some of the inhabitants to perish; the village was. hence forth abandoned. Population in 1680, 1,500; in 1760, 1,052; in 1902, 566. Of the 20 original clans 6 are now extinct.
Laguna (Span. flagoon,° from a lake for merly west of the pueblo; native name Ka walk).— The largest of the Queres towns, and the most recently established of all the south western pueblos, having been founded in 1697 by refugee Queres from other villages, partic ularly Acoma, as well as by Indians of other stocks. It is situated on the Santa Fe Pacific Railroad, 17 mites northeast of Acoma. The town is being gradually abandoned, many of its inhabitants having moved permanently to their• eight farming villages to the north and west. The Lagunas are very intelligent, honest and industrious, and are largely in demand as rail road laborers. The mission name of Laguna is San Jose, applied also to the rivulet on which the town is situated. The tribe has 20 clans. The total population of the Keresan Indians is between 4,000 and 5,000. (See Pue.no INDIANS). Consult Goddard, P. E.