LEGHORN, 14 /horn or ft-hOrn' (It. LIVORNO, le-vor'n6.), Italy, a walled city and the third commercial port of Italy, in Tuscany, on the Mediterranean. It is the capital of the province of Leghorn, which has an area of 133 square miles and a population of about 135, 765. It is about 200 miles northwest of Rome and 60 miles west of Florence. It is a well built and clean city; the north part called Ve nezia Nuova, is intersected by canals along which are warehouses and stores, and a ship canal connects with the Arno. Leghorn has an inner and outer harbor and a good roadstead; the approach to the new dock has been deep ened to 28 feet to admit of the entrance 'of large vessels. In the outer harbor is a light house, built in 1303. Some of the manufac tures are straw hats (originally the famous Leghorn hats), leather, woolen caps, glass, paper, soap, coral ornaments, etc. Shipbuilding is one of its important industries, vessels for the Italian navy being constructed here. The chief exports are olive oil, borax, wine, marble, pumice stone, quicksilver, candied fruit, hemp, hides, soap, raw silk, etc. The chief imports
are sugar, cotton, coal, tobacco, grain, spirits and petroleum. In the middle of the 16th cen tury Leghorn had less than 800 inhabitants; but about this time it became a free port, the first one on the Mediterranean. After the de cay of Porto Pisano, a neighboring city, Leg horn grew into importance. It has few build ing of the Renaissance period; a 17th century cathedral, a synagogue from 1581 and the royal castle are the principal public build ings. Some of the educational institutions are the Royal Commercial Marine Institute, the Royal Marine Academy, a library with over 72,000 volumes, a number of academies and seminaries. There are many charitable insti tutions. It is the seat of a bishopric and a United States consul. Leghorn is a popular summer resort and its connection by electric lines with the bathing places and with beautiful villages in the vicinity make it a most desirable place of residence at any season of the year. Pop. 105,315.