Contritmtions to the Cause of the Allies were indeed extended, but with attendant dif ficulties, mainly economic i even in those coun tries of Latin America n which the natural demonstration of approval was not entirely pre vented by active German propaganda. Brazil, for example, rendered valuable services-- to which reference was made, in 1919, by the Bra zilian Ambassador to France, who was also the leading member of the Brazilian peace delega tion at Paris. In support of his assertion that Brazil had accomplished much in the Allied cause since she entered the war, the Ambassa dor said: °We seized 43 first-class German vessels and one German cruiser. • Thirty of these vessels we turned over to France for her own use. We mobilized our entire army, of 60,000 officers and men, and all our navy. At the same time we placed our merchant fleet at the command of the Allies. We sent our best aviators to France, together with more than 100 army officers. We organized and maintained a complete hospital unit in France, with 300 beds. We kept more than 50 steamships plying be tween Brazilian ports and the United States and Europe, supplying our allies with coffee, cocoa, oils, nuts, cotton and sugar. We stamped out German propaganda in Brazil, put a stop to enemy espionage and interned many dangerous enemy aliens. A large part of our navy was sent to European waters, where, un der command of a United States admiral, it co operated with the Allied fleets in protecting the coasts and shipping and troop-transports from enemy submarines. Eight of our best merchant vessels were sunk by torpedoes while in the service of the Allies. Many of our sea men were lost with these vessels. Some of our seamen were picked up and interned in Ger many. We feel our position is quite modest, but hope for the complete approval by the con ference of what we did.* (Consult New York Herald, 3 Feb. 1919).
Large sums of money were raised in Latin America for the loans of all the Allies (con sult 'Selling War Bonds in South America,' in The South American, New York, October 1918, p. 5).
Special mention should be made here of Cuba's highly creditable part in the war. When speaking in a general way about the participa tion of Cuba, the Secretary of War of that re public mentioned a few interesting details m July 1918, saying, among other things: °We have established training camps in Cuba, both military and naval, and through the courtesy of the United States we have placed officers at .Key West and Pensacola for instruction.
France has detailed two Cuban aviators, who have achieved brilliant records in France with the Lafayette Escadrille, to act as instructors in our aviation school. We have purchased ad ditional equipment and materials necessary to •make this arm of our service effective. . . . If our forces are needed on the western front, they will go there. It should be distinctly un derstood that the Cuban government will with hold nothing that it possesses that can be used to advantage by our allies in the fight against Prussian militarism?) On 19 Oct. 1918 an
nouncement was made in Havana that Cuba's total subscriptions to the Fourth Liberty Loan amounted to $10,000,000, or $4,000,000 more than the quota allotted to her. The President of Cuba, in an authorized statement, has said: CA relatively considerable number of large Ger man steamships were held by the war in Cuban ports. I ordered their immediate seizure, as the governments of all the belligerent nations have done in similar cases, and turned them over to the United States to be used freely in the prosecution of the war. To the same end of frank co-operation, the government of Cuba authorized the sending of American troops to different points in Cuba for military instruc tions and preparations. For the same purpose a goodly number of officers and enlisted men of the Cuban army were sent to the United States to complete and perfect their training for war. The law establishing obligatory mili tary service empowers the President to take steps for sending a contingent of our present regular army to the European battlefields, re inforced by volunteers who wish to go and who have already, indeed, begun to enlist in considerable numbers. The President is also authorized to send military missions to the United States, England, France and Italy. The 4th of July, anniversary of the independ ence of the United States, and the 14th and 21st of July, celebrated in France and in Belgium as patriotic fetes, have been declared legal holi days.* Csee article CUBA).
Bibliography.— Barrett, John, War and the New America — the New Pan-Amer ica) ; Address before the Southern Commercial Congress; World Court (New York, Novem ber 1917) ; Blakeslee, George H., 'True Pan Americanism ; a policy of co-operation with the other American Republics); Journal of Race Development (Worcester, January 1917) ; Bul letin of the Pan-American Union, 'The Grow ing Spirit of Pan-Americanism' (Washington, October 1917) ; Calderon, I., 'The Consecra tion of the Western Hemisphere to Democ racy,) World Court (New York, November 1917) ; 'Circular de la Cancilleria Ecuatoriana a las Cancillerias del Norte, Centro y Sud America, sobre Union y Solidaridad de los wises de todo el continente,' Boletin del Min afro de Relaciones Exteriores (Quito 1917) ; Downs, W. C., 'Pan-Americanism and the War,' South American (New York, November 1917) ; Naon, R., 'The European Conflict and the Pan American Republics,' The Commoner (Lincoln, December 1914) ; Rendueles, M. R., Hada una America Nueva,' El Grafico (Ha vana, 30 Dec. 1917) ; Review of Reviews, 'Latin American Sympathy for France practically Demonstrated' (London, April 1918, p. 303, and South American Journal, London, 9 March 1918, p. 146) ; 'Tribute to Brazilian Help in the War,' Pan American Magazine (New York, February 1919).