LB SUBUR, Jean. Francois, li slyer, shot frari-swa, French composer: b. Drucat-Ples siel, near Abbeville, 15 Jam .1760; d. Paris, 6 Oct. 1837. At six he was placed at the musical school of the cathedral of Amiens and after completing his studies was made director of music in the cathedrals at Seer, Dijon, ttc., and in 1784 in the church of the Innocents, Paris. In 1786 he became master in the church .of Notre Dame. ' He was afterward induced to compose for the• theatre, (Ttlemachus,) his first opera, being given with great success in the Theatre Feycleau. From 1788 he devoted his time altogether to theatrical music. His opera 'La Cavern) was produced in 1793; 'Paul et Virginie in 1794; (Telemaque' in 17%; 'Les bardes) in 1804, and (La Mort in 1809. He was made professor of music in the National Institute. In 1813 he became a member of the fourth class of the Institute; in 1814 composer to the king; and in 1817 professor of composition to. the Conserva toire. His sacred music consists of 33 masses, and of oratorios and motets. He also wrote several works on musical subjects.
LEA, le, Henry Charles, American author: b. Philadelphia, 19 Sept. 1825; d. 1909. He was a son of Isaac Lea, grandson of Mathew Carey, and was named his uncle, Henry Charles Carey. He entered his father's pub lishing house in 1843; became its head in 1865; and retired from business in 1880. He was actively engaged in public undertaldngs for civil and social advancement, and during the Civil War rendered conspicuous services in support of. the Federal government. Between 1840 and 1860 he wrote many papers on chemis try and conchology, and after 1857 devoted his attention to European mediaeval history. He had taken up this study as an avocation, but in later years he devoted himself increa to the mastery of mediaeval church historMe employed copyists to duplicate- for him docu ments dealing with the Inquisition. He be queathed his books and manuscripts to the University of Pennsylvania. He was a mem ber of the American Academy of Arts and Letters and a Fellow of the British Academy. He received honorary degrees from Harvard, Princeton, Pennsylvania and Giessen. His chief works are 'Superstition and Force' (1866) ; 'An Historical Sketch of Sacerdotal Celibacy in the Christian Church) (1867; 3d ed., 2 vols., 1907) ; 'A History of the Inquisi tion of the Middle Ages' (1888; new ed., 3 vols., 1906; French trans. by Solomon Reinach, 1899; German trans., 1905-06) ; 'Chapters from the Religious History of Spain' (1890); 'Formulary of the Papal Penitentiary in the Thirteenth Century' (1892); 'A History of Auricular Confession and Indulgences in the Latin Church' (1896) ;. 'The Moriscos of Spain: Their Conversion and Expulsion' ; 'History of the Inquisition of Spain) 4 vols., 1906-07); 'The Inquisition in the Spanish Dependencies' (1908) . Consult Baumgarten, P. M., (Henry Charles Lea's His torical Writings' (New York 1909) ; Cheyney, E. P., "On the Life and .Works of..Eenry Charles Lea," in of the can Philosophical Society (Philadelphia 1911).
LEA, Homer, American soldier and author: b. Denver, 17 Nov. 1876; d. Los Angeles, 1 Nov. 1912. He came of a Virginian colonial family and was educated at the University of ,the Pacific and at the Leland Stanford, Jr., University. He became interested in Chinese military affairs and in 1900-01 he attempted the relief of the Chinese emperor Kwang Hsu. He raised and commanded the second army division in China in 1904, receiving rank as lieutenant-general. He was associated with the Chinese reformer, K'ang Yu-wei; and with Dr. 'Sun Yatsen in the Chinese revolution, 1911-12. He caused wide comment by the publication of his book 'The Valor of Igno rance' (2 vols., 1909) In which he set forth the possibilities of a Japanese invasion of the United States. He was also author of a novel 'The Vermilion Pencil' (1908) ; a drama 'Crimson Spider) (1909),•and (The Day of the Saxon' (1912), the latter second of a trilogy of which 'The Valor of Ignorance) was the first volume, and embodying 'a warning of supposed dangers besetting the British Empire. Lea was also engaged in the •preparation of a 'History of the Political Development of, the Chinese) at the time of his death.
LEA, Isaac, American naturalist: b. Wil mington, Del., 4 March 1792; d. Philadelphia, 7 Dec. 1886. In early life he engaged in corn mercial pursuits, and from 1821 to 1851 was partner in a large publishing business; bur from he was devoted to the study of natural history, and his various collections of minerals and fossils, and especially. of shells, were valu able•contributions to science.. He was a meta 'her of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and of the Philosophical Society of the same city, in whose (Transactions? many of his observations were published; he was also elected to membership in learned so abroad. His work in the study of fresh-water and land mollusks brought him special distinction. His principal publications are 'Observations on the Genus (1827 33) • 'Synopsis of the Family of Naiads' (1852-70). In the National Museum at Wash ington his vast collection of Unionide and his are deposited. Consult Scud , (Bulletin U. S. National,Museem, No 23) (Washington 1885). An account of Lea's worlc to conchology was published at Philadelphia in 1861 by G. W. Tryon, Jr.
LgA, Luke, American journalist and legis lator: b. Nashville, Tenn., 12 April 1879. He was graduated from the University of the South in 1899 and from Columbia University in 1903. He established himself in the practice of law at Nashville in 1903, and later became publisher and editor of the Nashville Tennesseean. He served in the United States Senate in 1911-17.
LEA, Matthew Carey, American chemist: b. Philadelphia, 1823; d. there, 15 March 1897. His work in developing the chemistry of photography has served important purposes. Besides many articles treating of the action of light, his publications include an authoritative 'Manual of Photography' (2d ed., 1871). He was the eldest son of Isaac Lea (q.v.).
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