LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNI VERSITY, a coeducational institution at Palo Alto, California, about 30 miles southeast of San Francisco, in the Santa Clara Valley. The university campus comprises 9,000 acres of land, partly in the level of the valley and partly rising into the foothills of tie Santa Moreno Mountains, which separate it from the Pacific Ocean, 33 miles beyond. • The Bay of San Francisco lies in front at a distance of three miles and across it are the mountains of the Diabolo range.
The university was founded by Leland Stan ford (q.v.) and his wife, Jane Lathrop Stan ford (q.v.), as a memorial to their only son who died in his 15th year. The founders de sired that the university should give a training primarily fitted to the needs of young men. Both sexes are admitted to equal advantages in the institution, but the number of young women who may attend at any given time is limited to 500. Beginning with the academic year 1916-17 the number of first-year men students will be limited to 500 annually. The object of the university, as stated by its found-. ers, is ato qualify students for personal suc cess and direct usefulness in life° and to °promote the public welfare by exercising an influence in behalf of humanity and civilization, teaching the •blessings of liberty regulated by law, and inculcating love and reverence for the great principles of government as derived from the inalienable rights of man to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.° The endowment grant establishing the uni versity was made in November 1885, under an act of legislature passed for this purpose; the cornerstone of the institution was laid in May 1887; and the university was formally opened to students on 1 Oct. 1891. The attendance for the first year numbered 559 and included all college classes with a number of graduate stu dents, the university graduating its first class of 38 in May 1892. The original faculty numbered 35 professors and instructors, under the leader ship of David Starr Jordan as president. In 1913 John Casper Branner became president, the office of chancellor being created for Dr. Jordan. On 1 Jan. 1916 Dr. Branner retired and was succeeded by Ray Lyman Wilbur, a graduate of the university.
The architecture of the university buildings is patterned after the old Spanish missions of California and Mexico. The buildings are of buff sandstone with red tile roofs. They form two quadrangles, one within another, with de tached buildings grouped about them. The
inner quadrangle consists of 12 one-story build ings, connected by an open arcade, facing a paved court of three and one-quarter acres in extent. Connected with this quadrangle at various points by corridors, and completely sur rounding it, is the outer quadrangle of 12 buildings, for the most part two stories in height above the basement. This outer quad rangle is again surrounded by a continuous open arcade. In the inner quadrangle are the departments of law, of the different languages and mathematics, and the administrative offices. In the outer quadrangle are the scientific, engi neering and geological departments, those of history, economics and English, and the library and assembly hall. In the rear of the quad rangles are the laboratories and shops of the engineering departments. The dormitories, one for young men and another for young women, with their gymnasia and athletic grounds about them, are located to the east and west. In front to the right of the main drive are the building of the department of chemistry and the art museum. A new and permanent library building, to replace one destroyed by the earth quake of 1906, will soon be begun.
Most striking among the architectural fea tures of the university buildings were the. Me morial Arch and the Memorial Church. The former was 100 feet in height, 90 feet in width and 34 feet deep, with an archway of 44 feet spanning the main entrance. This arch was destroyed by the earthquake and has not yet been restored. A sculptured frieze 12 feet in height, designed by Saint Gaudens, and repre senting the progress of civilization, surrounded it. The Memorial Church opens from the inner court and is opposite the main entrance. It is of Moorish-Romanesque architecture. The church, erected by Mrs. Stanford in mem ory of her husband, is adorned within and without with costly mosaics, representing, as do the beautiful stained windows, Biblical scenes and characters. It has a splendid organ of 46 stops and 3,000 pipes and a chime of sweet toned bells. The church is non-sectarian in character and method. Religious services are held each Sunday morning and afternoon. There is a week-day vesper service and the organ is played each day at the close of reci tations. The church was ,greatly damaged by the earthquake, but has been practically restored.