LEMBERG, University of, Austria, situ ated in the city of the same name, founded by Joseph II in 1784, and the third largest univer sity in the country. It originated from a Jesuit school whose charter • dated from 1661 but which did not receive papal sanction until 1758, 26 years before it was transformed into a state institution. It became a lycee in 1803, but was restored to its former status and re organized in 1817, its marked growth dating from 1850. Until 1824 the language of instruc tion was Latin, German then succeeding it until 1871, since when Polish has been used. It has faculties of law, philosophy (including pharmacy), medicine and theology. There are more than 100 lecturers, about 5,000 students, and the annual budget amounts to about $275, 000. The library contains about 230,000 vol umes, 900 manuscripts and nearly 12,000 coins and medals.
LItMERY, Mere,' Nicolas, French chem ist: b. Rouen, 17 Nov. 1645; d. Paris, 19 June 1715. At an early age he displayed a taste for chemistry, went to Paris in 1666, and attached himself to Glaser. He soon left Glaser and took up his abode at Montpelier, where he had the free use of a laboratory, and began to give lectures which excited great interest and were attended by many of the influential inhabitants of the place. In 1672 he returned to Paris and gave courses of lectures on varibus parts of chemistry, the success of which seems to have been very great. His 'Cours de Chimie) ap peared in 1675. This book went through numerous editions-31, it has been calculated — and was translated into the chief European languages. The book is plainly modeled upon the prior treatises of Lefebvre and Glaser, the opening chapters being identical in Manner and treatment, but shows proof of the aothar hav ing profited by the work of his predecessors.
In 168.1 the religious troubles began to harass him; he was required to demit his office by a given time, and had ultimately, in 1683, to take shelter in England, where he was well re ceived by Charles II, m whom' he dedicated an edition of his book He returned later to France, graduated as doctor of medicine at Caen, went to Paris, where be soon had a very large practice; but in 1685 the revocation of the Edict of Nantes forbade him, as a Prot estant, the exercise of this profession. Against this he struggled for a little, but in 1686 joined the Roman Catholic Church. In 1699 he be came an associate of the Academy pf Sciences. Besides the Tours de Chimie,> Lemery wrote and published other works and papers, among which may be mentioned univer selle) (1697) • universelle des Drogues simples) (1698); l'Antimoine) (1707). It deserves to be remembered that he was one of the first to attempt the elucidation of natural terrestrial phenomena by referring them to chemical action, and to exhibit these on an experimental scale, as when he made what is still known as Lemery's volcano, by placing a mixture of sulphur and iron in a hollow, heap ing up the earth over the mixture, moistening and leaving it to itself. By-and-by combina tion between the iron and sulphur begins, heat is evolved, the earth heaves and swells, steam escapes, and the resemblance of the miniature eruption to the larger original is very striking. He left two sons, both of whom were after ward distinguished as chemists.