LOLLARDISM, 161'ar-dizm, in Great Britain, the tenets of 'the followers of John Wyclif. The views of Wyclif underwent a process of development as his researches and experience extended, and were by no means the same at all periods of his life. In so far as they departed from Roman Catholicism, they approached and, in some cases, went be yond what subsequently became the doctrine and discipline of Calvinism • or Puritanism, commingled with an antagonistic element, Erastianism; in a large measure they reconciled the English people later to the establishment of the Reformation. Among the articles pro nounced °heretical* by an assembly of ecclesi astical notables, convened in London in 1382 by William Courtnay, archbishop of Canter bury, were these: •" I. That the substance of material bread and wine doth remain in the Sacrament of the Altar after consecration.
3. That Christ is not in the Sacrament of the Altar truly and really in His proper corporeal person.
" 5. That if a man be only contrite, all exterior emis sion is to him superfluous and invalid.
" 7. That it bath no foundation in the Gospel that Christ did ordain the mass.
" 8. That if the Pope be a reprobate and an evil man. and consequently a member of the devil, he bath no power over the faithful of Christ given to him by any, unless, adventure, it be given him by the emperor.
'9. That after Urban VI. none other is to be received as Pope. but that Christendom ought to live after the man ner of the Greeks under its own laws.
" 10. That it is against the sacred Scriptures that eccle siastical persons should-have any temporal position.' Among 14 articles adjudged to be neous* were the following: " 13. That a prelate or bishop excommunicating a cleric who bath appealed to the king or the council of the realm, in doing so is a traitor to the king and the realm.
15. That it is lawful for any deacon or presbyter to preach the Word of God, without the authority or license of the Apostolic See, or of a Catholic bishop or of any other recognised authority.
17. Also that temporal lords may at will take away their temporal goods from churches habitually delinquent. " 18. That tithes are pure alms, and that parishioners may for the offenses of their curates detain them, and bestow others at pleasure, and that tenants may correct nquent landlords at will. 14. That friars are bound to get their living by the labor their hands, and not by begging.
Consult Gairdner, J. 'Lollardy and the Reformation in England' (3 vols., London 1908-11); Powell and Trevelyan, "The Peas ants' Rising and the Lollards) (London 1899).