LOUIS PHILIPPE, fe-lep, king of 'the French: b. Paris, 6 Oct. 1773; d. Claremont, near Windsor, England, 26 Aug. 1850. He was the eldest son of Duke Louis Philippe Joseph of Orleans, afterward surnamed Egalite, and of the Princess Louise Marie Adelaide of Pen thievre. In infancy he held the title of Duke of Valois, and in 1785 that of Duke of Chartres. In 1782 his father entrusted the education of Louis Philippe and his other children to Ma dame de Geniis. Having entered the national in 1790, he became a member of the acobin Club. In May 1792 he commanded a igade of cavalry in Luckner's army, rose under Kellerman in September to be lieutenant general and did good service in the famous cannonade at Valmy. He next joined the army of Dumouriez, and took part in the victory of Jamappes. Dumouriez had formed a scheme for placing him on the throne as a constitutional monarch, and being included in the order of arrest directed against Dumouriez, in April 1793 he took refuge within Austrian territory. After many wanderings he procured the situation of teacher of geography and mathematics in the school of Reichenau, near Coire, where, during eight months, he passed under the name of Chabaud-Latour. In 1796 Louis Philippe, since his father's death Duke of Orleans, arrived in America, where, in the following year, he was joined by his two younger brothers. The three princes traveled in the United States, and at last took ship for England, where they landed in 1800. The brothers lived about seven years at Twicken ham, near London. After the news of Na poleon's downfall the Duke of Orleans set out for Paris, where he was received by Louis XVIII, not without distrust and in 1814 ap pointed colonel of hussars. On the news of Napoleon's return he set out for T.vons to assist the operations of the Count d'Artois. After an unsuccessful attempt to hold the northern departments for the Bourbons, he left Lille and set out for England to join his family, who had preceded him. He returned in July 1815 and obtained the removal of the sequestration of his domains, which had been imposed by the imperial government. The estrangement of Louis XVII from him was, however, increased, and he withdrew in October 1815 to England, but returned to Paris in the following year. After the coronation of
Charles X his relations with the court became more friendly. During the bloody days of V, 28 and 29 July, the court had entirely for gotten him. Nor during the struggle was his name mentioned in Paris. On the 29th the provisional chamber, on Laffitte's suggestion, resolved to offer him the regency as lieutenant general of the kingdom. In a sitting of the chamber on 9 August.he swore to the reform charter, and ascended fhe throne as king of the French. Being hated by the extreme Demo crats, frequent attempts were Slade on his life; but daring this period France made vast prog ress in industry and wealth, and the durability of the July throne seemed to be thereby con solidated. But his selfish policy had estranged the European courts, and a loud demand for a change in the electoral system being foolishly opposed by the king and the Guizot Ministry, his position in France became extremely precarious. On 22 Feb. 1848 an insurrection began in the streets of Paris. Next day Guizot gave in his resignation;, but the insurrection gained in extent and intensity, and neither the command given to the troops on the morning of the 24th to stop firing, nor the abdication of the king a few hours after in favor of his grand son, the Count of Paris, sufficed to allay the 'storm. Louis Philippe, completely disheartened, unsupported by any administration, and for saken even by the courtiers, about midnight of 24 February quitted the Tuileries with his family, and fled from Paris, and on 3 March 1848 took up his residence in England, which he never again left. Consult