LUCKNOW, India, former capital of Oudh, 666 miles northwest of Calcutta and 885 miles from Bombay. It is situated on both banks of the Gumti, and is connected by the Oudh and Rohlkund line with the general In dian railway system. The cantonment is in the southeast corner of the city. Lucknow has an imposing appearance at a distance which a nearer view fails to realize, but it has some beautiful open spaces, and has been called the "City of Parks." The principal buildings are the Kaiserbagh Palace, built in 1850, now oc cupied as government offices and forming a gorgeous pile of domes, pinnacles, terraces and fountains; the Imimbara or holy palace, where Asuf ud Douelah is buried, now an arsenal; the great mosque or Jama Masjid; and the Hoseinalad or small Imimbara with the mausoleum of Mohammed Ali. The Mar tiniere College for half-caste children is a strik ing building founded by Claude Martin, a French soldier who became a general in the East India Company. Other educational insti tutions include Canning College, Colvin College and the Reid Christian College of the Ameri can Methodist Mission, which has also estab lished a high school for girls. Its chief manu factures are of cotton, and chilean or em broidery in silk or cotton on muslin; also brass and copper work, wood carving, pottery, paper making, printing, shoemaking and tobacco strip ping, and there are extensive work shops. A municipality was organized in 1864.
Lucknow was founded by Lakshmana, brother of Rama Chandra. After the Moham
medan conquest it was occupied by Shaiks and Pathans. It rose to its highest splendor as the capital of the kingdom of Oudh, established during the decay of the Mogul Empire; but a selfish and sensual race of rulers imposed heavy burdens on the people; and the country fell under British control in 1856. Lucknow is associated with some of the most stirring in cidents in the Indian Mutiny (q.v.), when 1,200 men held out against 10,000 mutineers until re lief came through re-enforcements brought by Havelock and Outram. The residency, the Secunder Bagh and the Alumbagh, where Havelock is buried, are interesting memorials of the siege. Pop. about 259,798. Consult Innes, 'Lucknow and Oudh in the Mutiny' (1905).
Lucknow also gives its name to a division of the United Provinces as well as to a district and haul!. The division is the westernmost of Oudh, and it lies between the Ganges on the southwest and the Gogra on the northeast, and contains six districts. Area, 12,051 square miles. Pop. about 5,911,642. In 1901 87 per cent of the population were Hindus and 13 per cent Mohammedans. The district is the small est in the United Provinces, and comprises three toksils. Area, 967 square miles. Pop. about 764;411. In •1901 78 per cent were Hindus and over 20 Mohammedans. The tahsil, in which the city of Lucknow is situated, has an area of 360 square miles.