RUSSIA.
''The first library ever known in Russia was organized in the 11th century when the great Duke Yaroslaw, the Sage, ordered several books on religion to be copied and kept in the Church of Saint Sofia, at
(Mme. Haff kin-Hamburger,
umes and 207,816 manuscripts.
Other large collections at Petrograd are the Academy Library (1725; 200,000 vols.) ; Ar chives of the Senate (4,061,042 vols.) ; Goruyi Institute (1773; 250,000 vols.) ; Imperial Acad emy of Science (1728; 500,000 vols.). At War saw is the library of the Polish Kingdom (1,749, 837 vols.). Moscow has also some large col lections of books, notably the Rumiantseff Museum (1828; 1,000,000 vols.) and the Du chovanja (1689; 240,000 vols.). Russian uni versities have also extensive libraries, Charkov (1804; 240,916 vols.) ; Helsingfors (1640, 1827; 150,000 vols.) ; Kiev (1832; 500,000 vols.) ; Moscow (1756; 394,845 vols.) ; Odessa 0865; 280,144 vols.) • Imperial University, Petrograd (453,772 vols.); Warsaw (1817i 576,387 vols.). The university at Tomsk, Siberia, has a collec tion of 226,167 volumes.
There are a few special libraries of interest, the majority being in Petrograd. Agriculture: Archives of the Department of Agriculture (1837; 300,000 vols.); library of the College of Agriculture and Forestry at Novaya-Alex andriya (79,374 .vols.). Law, etc.: Archives of the Senate (4,061,042 vols.). Theology: Clerical Academy, Kazan (1842; 106,666 vols.). Science and Technology: Archives of the De partment of Roads (140,000 vols.) ; Imperial Academy of Science (1728; 500,000 vols., 13, 000 MSS.) ; Russian Geographical Society (70,000 vols.). Medicine: Academy of Medi cine (1725; 200,000 vols.). There has been no particular development of popular libraries in Russia, but during the last 10 years efforts have been made to establish them.