MacDOUGALL, SIR Patrick Leonard, British general and military author: b. Bou logne-sur-Mer, France, 10 Aug. 1819; d. Kings ton Hill, Surrey, 28 Nov. 1894. He was edu cated at the military academies of Edinburgh and Sandhurst and received his commission as second lieutenant in 1836. He served as regi mental officer with the Royal Canadian Rifle regiment at Toronto and at Kingston in 1844 54; served as superintendent of studies at Sand hurst the following year, and in 1855 was sent on a special mession to the Crimea. He was again superintendent at Sandhurst in 1856-58. He was appointed adjutant-general of the Cana dian militia in 1865, took an active part in the suppression of the Fenian Raid of 1866 and received high commendations for his skilful or ganizing of the militia. In 1873-78 he was head of the intelligence branch of the War Office. He was again appointed to the command in Canada in 1878, at the time when relations were strained between England and Russia. He vol unteered to organize a body of la,000 trained soldiers for use whenever and wherever they might be needed, and the acceptance of his offer established the precedent of colonial mili tary aid to the empire' in time of need. He retired from active service in 1885. Author of 'The Theory of War' (1856); 'Modern War fare as Influenced by Modern Artillery' (1864); 'The Army and Its Reserves> (1869), etc.
MacDOUGALL, William, Canadian jour nalist and statesman: b. Toronto, 1822; d. Ot tawa, 29 May 1905. He studied at Victoria College, Cobourg; was admitted as a solicitor in 1847; in 1849 established the Canadian Agriculturist • in 1850 founded the North American, afterward united with the Toronto Doily Globe, for which he wrote until 1870. He was commissioner of Crown lands, 1862-64, and provincial secretary, 1864. From 1867-69 he was Minister of Public Works, and was lieutenant-governor of Rupert's Land, 1869-70. On his entrance into the Red River district to assume formal possession on behalf of the Dominion government of the newly-acquired territories, he was deforced by Louis Riel, and this episode marked the beginning of the Red River Insurrection.
MacDOWELL, mak-dowll, Edward Alexander, American composer: b. New York, 18 Dec. 1861; d. there, 23 Jan. 1908. Mac Dowell was Scotch-Irish by birth, if not by training and temperament. It was front his father, a man of pronounced artistic tastes, that the composer inherited or..acquired that fine esthetic sense and that highly sensitive artistic tendency which played so great a part in his life and practically determit)01 the character of his work. MacDowell's inttAieal, education was begun at the age of eight, 'hen Juan Buitrago, a friend of the family, him his first piano lessons. that, not being'at,all precocious— Mac Dowell
tinued his musical studies at the Stuttgart and Frankfort conservatories, studying piano with Karl Heymann and composition with Joachim Raff, the well-known German composer. Mac Dowell's unusual talent so impressed both his German teachers that in 1881 they warmly recommended their American pupil for the uni versity chair left vacant by Heymann's own resignation. Nothing but his extreme youthful ness (MacDowell was only 20 at the time) seems to have kept from him this much coveted Frankfort professorship. Failing of this, Mac Dowell accepted an instructorship at the Darm stadt Conservatory. But his duties as princi pal piano instructor there were so onerous and his compensation so inadequate that he soon had to resign from this position. Returning to Frankfort, MacDowell devoted himself to com position and private teaching.
It was there, at Frankfort, during his stu dent days, that MacDowell's career as a com poser really began. His 'First Modern Suite for Piano) so impressed the great Liszt, whom MacDowell was induced by Raff to visit at Weimar in 1882, that he had it performed the
year at the Allgemeiner Deutscher Musik verem festival held at Zurich. A year later this suite and its successor,