MAHAFFY, John Pentland, Irish Greek scholar : b. Chapponaire, near Vevay, Lake Geneva, Switzerland, 12 July 1839; d. Dublin, Ireland, 1 May 1919. He was educated in Germany and at Trinity College, Dublin, from which he was graduated in 1859; and became professor of ancient his tory in the college in 1871. In 1873 he was Donnellan lecturer. His first publication was a translation of Kuno Fischer's 'Commentary on Kant' (1866) ; and on philosophical subjects he has since issued several volumes. The greater number of his works, however, treat of the history, literature and everyday life of an cient Greece, among these being the following: 'Prolegomena to Ancient History) (1871) ; 'Greek Social Life from Homer to Menander> (1874) ; 'Greek Antiquities' (1876), a work much used in Contii.ental schools; 'Rambles and Studies in Greece,' a record of antiquarian research (1876) ; 'Old Greek Education' (1879) • 'History of Classical Greek Literature' (1880; 3d ed., 1891) ; 'Greek Life and Thought
from Alexander to the Roman Conquest' (1887), a continuation of the work of 1874; 'The Greek World under Roman Sway> (1890), a continuation of the pre-eding; 'The Story of Alexander's Empire' (1890) ; 'Greek Pictures' (1890) ; and 'Problems in Greek History) (1892) ; 'The Progress of Hellenism in Alex ander's Empire' (1905) ; 'The Silver Age of the Greek World> (1906) ; 'What have the Greeks done for Modern Civilization?) (1909). He writes with special interest and authority of the post-Alexandrian period; and has discovered interesting parallels be tween that and modern civilization. Among his other wriings are 'Twelve Lectures on Primitive Civilization' (1868); 'Report on the Irish Grammar Schools' (1880-81); 'The De cay of Modern Preaching) (1882), and 'The Art of Conversation' (1889); 'An Epoch in Irish History) (1904).