Madonna In Art
Madonna In Art, The. In The Early Days Of Christianity The Teaching Of The Church Was Largely Carried On By The Medium Of Pic Tures; Statuary Was Added Later. The Trans Lation Of The Bible Was In Latin And Examples Of The Book Were Produced In Parchment Manu Scripts Emanating ...
Madras
Madras, British India, The Capital Of The Presidency Of Madras, On The Coromandel Coast, Lies On An Open, Sandy Shore, Exposed To The Swell Of The Bay Of Bengal, Which Breaks Upon The Beach With Great Violence. It Is 835 Miles Southwest Of Calcutta. A Modern Harbor Formed By Two ...
Madras House
Madras House, The, Is Not Only An Admirable Example Of The Work Of Granville Barker As A Dramatist But Also Of The Modern Type Of Play Written By, And For, Those Who Con Ceive Of The Theatre As A Place Where It Is Per Missible, Even Enjoyable, To Think As ...
Madras_2
Madras, Ina-dras', British India, A Presi Dency Occupying The Southern Portion Of The Indian Peninsula. It Stretches From The Bay Of Bengal To The Arabian Sea, Almost Enclosing Travancore And Mysore, While A Long, Narrow Portion Extends Along The West Side Of The Bay Of Bengal Till It Meets The ...
Madrid
Madrid, Ma-drid' (sp. Ma-dred'), Spain, The Capital Of The Kingdom And Of The Province Of Madrid, A Part Of New Castile, Situated Near The Centre Of The Country, On The Left Bank Of The Manzanares, A Sub-affluent Of The Tagus. It Is Built On Several Low And Irregular Sand Hills ...
Madstone
Madstone, A Vegetable Substance Or Stone Which When Applied To A Wound Caused By The Bite Of A Mad Dog Is Said To Prevent Hydro Phobia. The Most Famous One In The United States Is Owned By The Descendants Of A Family Named Fred, In Virginia. This Stone Was Brought ...
Maeterlinck
Maeterlinck, Met'er-link, Maurice (gallicized From The Original Mooris Mater Unck), Belgian Author : B. Ghent, 29 Aug. 1862. He Was Educated In A Jesuit School In Belgium, Then Studied Law, Was Admitted To The Bar In 1887, But Was From The First More Interested In Letters, And In 1896 Settled ...
Maffei
Maffei, Francesco Scipione, Marchese Di, Italian Dramatist And Scientist: B. Verona, 1 June 1675; D. There, 11 Feb. 1755. He Studied At The Jesuit College, Parma, For Five Years And From 1698 At Rome. He Was Present At The Battle Of Hochstadt In 1704, Taking Part In The Bavarian Campaign ...
Magda
Magda. Sudermann's I Heimat' ('home) Was The Sensation Of The Theatrical Season 1889 90 In Berlin, And The Play, Either In The Original German Or In Translations Commonly Bearing The Title The Name Of The Heroine— Is Probably To Be Regarded As The Most Widely Known And The Most Successful ...
Magendie
Magendie, Francois, Frafi-swa Nia Zhon-de, French Physician And Physiologist: B. Bordeaux, 15 Oct. 1783; D. Paris, 8 Oct. 1855. He Was The Pupil Of The Celebrated Boyer, And At 20 Was Appointed Successively Aide D'anatomie In The Faculty Of Medicine, And Dem Onstrator. He, However, Subsequently Devoted Himself Principally To ...
Maggot
Maggot, The Larva Of A Fly. (see Flaes). Ma'ji (lat. Magus, Gr. Mayoc), An Accadian Term Recently Brought To Light By Assyrian Scholars; Accadian Being The Lan Guage Of The People Of Babylon And Media. The Word Signifies "august," "reverend" And Was The Title Of Their Learned And Priestly Caste. ...
Magic Lantern
Magic Lantern, An Optical Instru Ment For The Projecting Of Enlarged Images Upon A Screen Or Other Adapted Surface. This Title Is Commonly Given To The Type Of Instru Ment Employed For Home Amusement, The More Elaborate Types Used For Public Exhibition And Educational Work Being Known As Stereopticons Or ...
Magic Skin
Magic Skin, The, Or Ass' Skin,) As The French Title 'peau De Is Also Translated, Is One Of The Most Famous Of The Novels Making Up The Imposing Series Of The 'human Comedy' Of Balzac, Where It May Be Found In The Group Of Philosophical Studies.' It Was Also One ...
Magic Squares
Magic Squares. A Magic Square Is A Square Divided Into Equal Smaller Squares, Each Containing A Term Of A Series Of Integers, The Sums Of The Numbers In Any Horizontal, Vertical And Diagonal Line Being The Same. Be Due To Peculiarities In The Conntosition Of The Metal In Some Of ...
Magic Wood
Magic Wood, A Wood Used In Cups Which Were Sent To Spain In The 16th Century As Presents To Princes, And Were Highly Valued First As Curiosities And Later As A Means Of Health. The "magic° Consisted In The Fact That Water Put Into The Cup Speedily Turned A Rich ...
Magna
Magna Gr/ecia, °great Greece," The Name Commonly Given In Ancient Times To That Part Of Southern Italy Which Was Inhabited By Greek Colonists. Apparently The Name Was In Use As Early As The Time Of Py Thagoras (586-506 S.c.). Strabo Includes The Greek Cities Of Sicily Under The Appellation. But ...
Magna Chart
Magna Chart& Mig'na Icieta, Or Great Charter Of Liberties, A Famous Document Extorted From King John Of England By The Confederated Barons In 1215. The Barons Who With Their Followers Com Posed "the Army Of God And The Holy Church'o Were The Whole Nobility Of England; Their Fol Lowers Comprehended ...
Magnesium
Magnesium, A Metallic Element Whose Compounds Are Abundant And Widely Distributed, But Which Does Not Occur, In Nature, In The Metallic Form. Magnesium Resembles Calcium In Its Chemical Deportment, And The Oxides Of The Two Metals Were Long Confused With Each Other. Metallic Magnesium Was First Prepared By Davy, In ...
Magnetism
Magnetism, The Name Applied To A Pe Culiar Force Action First Observed In Connection With Certain Iron Ores. This Ore, Often Called Lodestone, Is Supposed To Have Been Discovered In Magnesia, A Part Of Asia Minor. It Is Not Possible To State Just When This Discovery Was Made, Hut Certain ...
Magnetometer
Magnetometer, In Its Customarily Re Stricted Sense, An Instrument Employed In Ob Servatories To Determine The Intensity Of Ter Restrial Magnetism. Essentially The Instru Ment Consists Of A Magnetic Needle Free To Swing In A Horizontal Plane Within A Circular Scale. The Magnet May Be Supported On A Fine Vertical ...
Magnolia
Magnolia, A Genus Of Ornamental, De Ciduous Or Evergreen Trees And Shrubs Of The Family Magnoliacec•. The 35 Species Are Natives Mostly Of The United States, India, China And Japan. They Are Characterized By Large, Alter Nate Entire Leaves, Large White, Purple Or Pink, Sometimes Yellowish, Solitary, Terminal Flowers, Which ...
Magpie
Magpie (originally Pie, The Pied Or Varie Gated Bird, A Bird Of The Genus Pica, Closely Re Lated To The Jays. The Genus Is Distinguished By The Extremely Long Wedge-shaped Tail, The Middle Feathers Of Which Equal The Entire Length Of The Head And Body, While The Outer Feathers Are ...
Mahabharata
Mahabharata. The Name Of This, The Great National Epic Of Tbe Hindus, Etymo Logically Considered, Consists Of The Word ((maha,* Meaning °great," And Thharata,* One Of The Several Names Of A Power Ful Indian Tribe, But Has Reference More To The Story Itself, About Gthe Tale Of The Bharatas.* In ...
Mahaffy
Mahaffy, John Pentland, Irish Greek Scholar : B. Chapponaire, Near Vevay, Lake Geneva, Switzerland, 12 July 1839; D. Dublin, Ireland, 1 May 1919. He Was Educated In Germany And At Trinity College, Dublin, From Which He Was Graduated In 1859; And Became Professor Of Ancient His Tory In The College ...
Mahan
Mahan, Alfred Thayer, Amer Ican Naval Officer: B. West Point, N. Y., 27 Sept. 1840; D. 1 Dec. 1914. He Was Graduated From The United States Naval Academy In 1859, And Served During The Civil War, Rising To The Rank Of Lieutenant-commander In 1865. In 1885 He Was Promoted Captain, ...
Mahayana
Mahayana ("the Great Vehicle"), The Name Of One Of The Principal Divisions Of Buddhism (q.v.). It Originated In Northern India About The Beginning Of The Christian Era Through A Gradual Synthesis Of Tendencies Al Ready Manifest In Earlier Buddhism, Possibly With Some Admixture Of Ideas From The West. In Its ...
Mahmud
Mahmud, Sultan Of Ghazni, The Founder Of The Mohammedan Empire In India: B. Ghazni, About 970; D. 29 April 1030. His Father, Sabuk Tagin, Governor Of Ghazni, Owed A Nominal Alle Giance To Persia, But Was Really Independent On His Death Mahmud Put Aside His Brother Ismail, Whom His Father ...
Mahogany
Mahogany. A Popular Name For The Timber Of Several Unrelated Trees, Among Which Are Various Species Of Eucalyptus (q.v.), Natives Of Australia And Members Of The Family Myrtacer; Two Species Of Cercocarpus, Of The Family Rosaceee, C. Montanus Being Known As Valley Mahogany And C. Ledifolius As Mountain Mahogany In ...
Mahrattas
Mahrattas, Ma-rat'az, A Native Hindu Race, Supposed To Be Descendants Of The Per Sians, And Occupying A Large Tract Of Central And Western India. They Have Always Been A Dis Tinct Nation Or People, And Still Consider Them Selves As Such, Even Though Now Largely Under British Or Mohammedan Jurisdiction. ...
Maimonides
Maimonides, Mi-mon'l-dez, Properly Moses Ben Maimon Ben Joseph (arabic, Abu Amram Musa Ibn Maimun Obeid Allah Al Kortobi), Jewish Scholar: B. Cordova, Spain, 30 March 1135; D. 13 Dec. 1204. At An Early Period He Developed A Taste For The Exact Sciences And For Philosophy. He Read With Zeal Not ...
Maine
Maine, The. A Battleship Of The United States Navy, Mysteriously Destroyed By Explo Sion In Havana Harbor, Cuba, On The Night Of 15 Feb. 1898. The Revolt Of The Cubans In 1895 Against Spanish Misrule Had Brought The Island In 1897-98 To The Verge Of Ruin. General Wey Ler Had ...
Maine
Maine, The Name Given As Early As 1622 To Distinguish The Main Land From The Islands. It Was Called In The Mason And Gorges Patent "the Mayn Land Of New England," And In The Great Charter "province Of Maine." It Is One Of The New England Group Of North Atlantic ...
Maine Boundary Treaty
Maine Boundary Treaty. The Year 1910 Witnessed The Final Settlement Of The Long-standing Dispute As To The Boundary Line Between Maine And New Brunswick. Secretary Of State Knox. Acting For The United States, And Ambassador Bryce, On Behalf Of Great Britain, Signed A Treaty Which Establishes The Exact Boundary Of ...
Maine_2
Maine, University Of, The, A Coeduca Tional Institution, Located At Orono, Me., On The Penobscot River, Eight Miles Above Bangor. It Is One Of The Institutions That Owes Its Exist Ence To The Act Of Congress Of 1862, Com Monly Known As The Morrill Act. The 210,000 Acres Of Land ...
Maintenon
Maintenon, Man-te-non, Frangoise D'aubigne, Mdutcnionnss De, French Queen: B. Niort, Poitou, 1635; D. Saint-cyr, 1719. Her Birthplace Was The Prison In Which Her Parents Were Confined Because Of Religions Trouble. Af Ter Her Father's Death In Her 10th Year She Became The Ward Of Her Guardian And Aunt, Madame De ...
Mainz
Mainz, Mints, Germany, A Town In The Grand-duchy Of Hesse-darmstadt, On The Left Bank Of The Rhine, Opposite The Mouth Of The Main, 20 Miles By Rail Southwest Of Frankfort. It Is A Fortress Of The First Rank, An Episcopal See And A River Port. The Town Rises Gradually From ...
Maistre
Maistre, Ma'tr, Joseph Marie, Contra De, French Philosopher And Savant: B. Cham Bery, 1 April 1754; D. Turin, 26 Feb. 1821. He Was Of French Extraction And Was A Senator Of Piedmont At The Time Of The French Invasion (1792). He Left His Country In Consequence Of That Event, And ...
Maitland
Maitland, Edward, English Mystic And Writer: B. Ipswich, 27 Oct. 1824; D. Tunbridge. 2 Oct. 1897. He Was Educated At Caius College. Cambridge, And Was Destined For The Ministry. But Declined To Take Holy Orders Because Of His Incompatible Religious Beliefs. He Was One Of The "forty-niners* In California And ...
Majolica And
Majolica And Spelled Also It Is Generally Claimed That The Word Was Derived From The Island Of Whence The First Pieces Of This Ceramic Ware Were Imported To Italy. The Term Majolica Has Become A Very Confused And In Definite Expression And Used By Writers With Different Meaning. The Term, ...
Makarov
Makarov, Stepan Osipovich, Russian Vice-admiral: H. 1848; D. 13 April 1904. He En Tered The Navy In 1864 And Received Rapid Pro Motion For Distinguished Services. During The Russo-turkish War 1877-78, He Commanded The Gunboat Grand Duke Constantine, And For A Series Of Daringly Successful Attacks Upon Turk Ish Ports, ...
Malachi
Malachi, Book Of. The Book Is Per Haps Actually Anonymous. The Author's Name Appears Only In I, 1, Which Is Very Probably An Editorial Addition. The Word Malachi Means "my Messenger," And May Have Been Taken From Iii, I.• There Is No Serious Question Affecting The Authorship Of More Than ...
Malatesta
Malatesta, A Noble Italian Family, Leaders Of The Guelphs In Romagna And Rulers In Rimini In 1216-1528. Giovanni And Mala Testa Of The Malatesta Tribe Entered Rimini In 1216 And Were Granted Citizenship In Con Sideration Of Their Aid Against Cesena. The Family Rapidly Gained In Power And In 1237 ...
Malay Peninsula
Malay Peninsula (malay, Tanah Malayu, Or Malay Land), A Long Strip Of Land Extending From Indo-china South And Southeast Toward The Island. Of Sumatra, The Most South Erly Part Of The Asiatic Continent. The Penin Sula Begins Properly At The Head Of The Gulf Of Siam, And Would Thus Include ...
Malays
Malays, A Race Of People Inhabiting The Malay Peninsula And The Malay Archipelago, And Claiming To Have Their Native Country In The Highlands Of Sumatra. The Civilization Of In Dia Appears To Have Extended Itself To The Malays At An Early Date. In The 13th Cen Tury The Malays Were ...
Malden
Malden, Marden, Mass., City, In Middle-• Sex County, On The Malden River, And On The Boston And Maine Railroad, About Four Miles North Of Boston. It Is Connected By Electrical Railway With Boston, Lowell, Haverhill, Lynn, Salem And A Number Of Other Cities And Towns. Malden Includes Several Villages. The ...
Malebranche
Malebranche, Marbrifiche, Nicholas French Philosopher: B. Paris, 6 Aug. 1638; D There, 13 Oct. 1715. He Studied Philosophy': The College De La Marche, Theology In The Bonne And Entered The Congregation Of E< Oratorians In 1660. In The History Of Frac: Metaphysical Speculation He Ranks Second W To Descartes, The ...
Malicious Mischief
Malicious Mischief, In Law, Any In Jury Done To The Person Or Property Of Another With Deliberate Malice. This Is An Indictable Offense Both In Great Britain And The United States. The Comprehensive English Black Act (so-called From Its Preamble That "several Ill Designing And Disorderly Persons Have Of Late ...
Mallock
Mallock, William Hurrell, English Author: B. Devonshire, 1849. He Was Graduated From Balliol College, Oxford, And Won The Newdegate Prize In 1872. He Has Never Entered A Profession But Has Devoted Himself Entirely To Literary Work. His Philosophical D Sociologi Cal Writings Include 'is Life Worth Living?' (1879) ; 'social ...
Malon
Malon, Miil'on, Benoit, French Socialist: B. Near Sainte-etienne In The Department Of Loire, 23 June 1841; D. Asnieres, 13 Sept. 1893. He Early Entered Upon A Journalistic Career And His Activities In Behalf Of Socialistic Agitations His Enforced Absence From France For A Time Preceding 1880. He Then Founded The ...
Malta
Malta, Mina, An Island In The Mediter Ranean, Belonging To Great Britain, With Its De Pendencies, Gozo, Comino And Corninetto, Form Ing The Elevated Portions Of The Plateau That Ex Tends Northwestward To Sicily, 62 Miles, And Southward To Africa, 197 Miles, And Divides The Mediterranean Into Two Basins. The ...
Maltbie
Maltbie, Milo Roy, American Municipal And Public Utility Expert: B. Hinck Ley., Ill., 3 April 1871. He Was Graduated From Upper Iowa University In 1892 And Took The De Gree Of Ph.d. At Columbia In 1897. He Was Professor Of Economics And Mathematics At Mount Morris College, Illinois, In 1893-95; ...
Malvern Hill
Malvern Hill, Battle Of. After The Close Of The Battle Of Glendale (q.v.), 30 June 1862, The Army Of The Potomac Was Put In Posi Tion On Malvern Hill, An Elevated Open Plateau On The Left Bank Of James River, 60 Feet High, And About 1v2 Miles By Ra Mile ...
Mammals
Mammals, A Class Of Animals, Known Also As Beasts, Or Quadrupeds, The Highest Of The Vertebrate Group In The Sense That It Comprises Forms Whose Organization Is On The Whole The Most Efficient On Account Of The Complexity, Or Perfection, Of The Various Organs And Parts. The Diagnostic Character Of ...
Mammary Glands
Mammary Glands, The Milk-glands Of Mammalian Animals (see Breast). They Are Present In All Mammals, In Both Sexes, But In The Male Are Usually Rudimentary, Their Functional Activity Being Limited To The Female, Who Secretes In These Glands The Milk For Nourishing Her Young During A Natural Period After Birth. ...
Mammoth
Mammoth, An Elephant (elephas Primi Genius) Which Inhabited The Temperate Parts Of The Northern World The Glacial Period, And At Its Close Spread Northward With The Re Treat Of The Ice, And Survived Until The Neolithic Period Of Human History. Some Account Of The Origin And Probable Wanderings Of The ...
Mammoth Cave
Mammoth Cave, Ky., A Remarkable American Cavern, In Edmondson County, 8: Miles Southwest Of Louisville, Reached By A Small Branch Line Connecting At Glasgow Junc Tion With The Louisville And Nashville Rail Road. Its Areal Diameter Is About 10 Miles, And About 100 Miles Of Passageway Have Been Ex Plored, ...
Mampalon
Mampalon, An Aquatic Animal (cyno Gale Bennetti) Of Borneo, Of The Civet Family. It Is Otter-like In Form, Is About 18 Inches Long, Has Stout Webbed Plantigrade Feet And Is Thor Oughly Adapted To An Aquatic Life While Retain Ing Purely Viverrine Characteristics Of Structure. Man. See Anthropology; Ape; Arcile ...
Man Without A Country
Man Without A Country, The. Few, If Any, Short Stories Written With A Pur Pose Have Achieved That Purpose So Completely As Did "'the Man Without A Country' By Edward Everett Hale. Written During The Civil War, It Did Much To Inculcate Patriotism At A Critical Period In The Fortunes ...
Man And Superman
Man And Superman. In His Sub Title Bernard Shaw Announces This Work As "a Comedy And A Philosophy°; He Might, With Equal Pertinence, Have Added °a Sermon On The Dangers Of Romanticism And A Treatise On Biology, Anthropology And Social Psy Chology" It Is All These And It Is, None ...
Manassas Gap
Manassas Gap, Engagement Of. Gen Eral Lee, In Retreating From Gettysburg, Crossed The Potomac At Williamsport, Into The Shenan Doah Valley, And 15 July 1863 Marched To Bunker Hill, And Occupied The Gaps Of The Blue Ridge. On 19 July He Ordered Longstreet To March Next Morning To Culpeper Court ...
Manatee
Manatee, An Aquatic Mammal Or "sea Cow' Of The Order Sirenia (q.v., For General Structure), Several Species Of Which Inhabit The Fresh Waters Along The Eastern Coasts Of Trop Ical America And Of Western Africa. The Body Is Somewhat Seal-like In Shape, Reaches A Length Of 8 Or 10 Feet, ...
Manchester
Manchester, England, An Episcopal And University City, Inland Port And Parliamen Tary And County Borough Of Lancashire, 18' Miles North Of London And 31 Miles East Of Liverpool, On The Lrwell, An Affluent Of The Mersey, Since 1894 Connected With The Sea At Eastham, On The Mersey, By The Manchester ...
Manchester University
Manchester University. This Nniversity, Officially Styled The Victoria Univer Sity Of Manchester, Has Grown Out Of The Owens College, Which Was Founded Under The Will Of John Owens, A Manchester Merchant Who Died In 1846, Leaving F96,654 For The Foun Dation Of A College Which Should Be Free From Religious ...
Manchuria
Manchuria, Inan-choo'ri-a, China, Com Prises The Northeasternmost Portion Of The Em Pire, Called By The Chinese Tung San Sheng, "three Eastern Provinces,* From Its Adminis Trative Divisions, Hilung Kiang, The Northern Province; Kirin, The Central Province, And Sheng-king, The Southern Province. It Lies Mainly Between Lat. 40° And 53° N. ...
Manco Inca I
Manco Inca I, Ing'ka, Peruvian Ruler: B. About 1500; D. 1544. He Was The Second Son Of The Inca Huayna Capac (q.v.), Who Died About 10 Years After The First Arrival Of The Spaniards, Dividing His Kingdom Between His Legitimate Successor, Huascar, And A Younger Son, Atahualpa. The Latter, After ...
Mandamus
Mandamus, In Law, A Writ Issued By A Superior Court And Directed To Some Inferior Tribunal, Or To Some Corporation Or Person Exercising Public Authority, Commanding The Performance Of Some Specified Duty. In General Practice In The United States A Mandamus Where A Party Has A Right To Have A ...