Several colleges and professional schools founded in Maryland at different times no longer exist. Among these arc Cokesbury College (1784-96) at Abingdon in Harford County, the first Methodist institution of higher education in the world; Baltimore College (1803-30) ; Asbury College (1816-30) in Balti more city; the College of Saint James (1843-63) in Washington County; Newton University in Baltimore city (1844-59) ; New Windsor Col lege (1843-50, 1874-1910) ; and Calvert College (1852-73) ; both at New Windsor, Carroll County; the Baltimore Female College (1849 90) ; and the Mount Washington Female College (1856-61). Loyola College in Baltimore was founded in 1852 by the Jesuits and con tinues to educate boys according to their system, without dormitories. The Maryland Agricul tural College, at College Park in Prince George's County, was chartered in 1856 by a private cor poration, and is in age the second such institu tion in the country. It early recognized agricul tural experimentation as an important part of its operations. The State Agricultural Experiment Station, conducted in connection with the col lege, was organized in 1887. The students are trained in military drill, and the ownership of the college has lately been transferred to the State, which is largely increasing appropriations to it and widening its currucilum.
The Brothers of Christian Schools, a Roman Catholic fraternity, purchased the Rock Hill Academy at Ellicott City, Howard County, in 1857, and after conducting it for several years procured a charter for Rock Hill College in 1865. The Western Maryland College, a co educational institution, at Westminster, in Car roll County, under the auspices of the Metho dist Protestant denomination was chartered in 1868, and under the long presidency of Rev. Thomas H. Lewis, D.D., has firmly established itself. Goucher College for Women was founded by the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1884, and was opened in 1888, graduating its first class in 1892. It was first called the Woman's Col lege of Baltimore; but, about 1910, the name was changed, so as to honor Rev. John F. Goucher, D.D., one of its principal founders and long its president. It ranks among the best institutions for the higher instruction of women. Hood College for young women, beautifully situated near Frederick City, has been conducted successfully for 25 years by its president, Dr. Joseph H. Apple, and gives a good course of instruction, emphasizing domestic science. The Maryland College for Women at Lutherville in Baltimore County is a long established institution. Morgan College, in Baltimore city, incorporated in 1889 under the auspices of the Methodist Episcopal Church, is the only colle giate institution for the education of the col ored youth in Maryland. It expects soon to remove to a suburban location. A branch, Princess Anne Academy in Somerset County, is recognized as the State Agricultural College for colored youth.
The Johns Hopkins University at Baltimore city, incorporated in 1867, was founded by a bequest of about $3,500,000 from the man whose name it bears. It was notably a large endow ment, and the trustees had an unusual opportu nity to establish a distinctive institution. They made the best possible use of this opportu nity by calling Daniel C. Gilman, LL.D., to become its first president and giving him free hand as to the places of organization. The university opened its collegiate and graduate philosophical departments in 1876. President Gilman won an instant success and a world-wide reputation for the institution. Among the lead ing ideas were these : (1) organization of gradu ate study into systematic training for the degree of doctor of philosophy, including a dissertation on some point embraced in the student's major subject and showing evidence of research ; (2) provision for a university press to publish the results of the investigations of faculty and students; (3) a great use of popular lecture i courses; (4) a body of instructors of originality of mind who were carefully selected, with an unerring view to their future eminence; (5) a body of young men connected with the graduate school, who should receive a stipend from the university, have time for original work and be known as fellows. (Among the early fellows was President Woodrow Wilson) ; and (6) an undergraduate department, arranged on the group system, with which President Gilman had become acquainted through experiments with it at the Sheffield Scientific School and the University of California, with which institu tions he was formerly connected. The under graduate department was never large, and was largely a local college; but the graduate de partment speedily enrolled an unusually eminent body of men from all parts of the United States, from Canada and from Japan. Many of these graduate students became teachers and spread the influence of the Hopkins far and wide. President Gilman's policy was to spend little money on buildings, and the quarters of the university were inconspicuous throughout the 25 years of his administration. Mr. Hopkins left another bequest, of about the same size as that of the university, to found a hospital which should bear his name, and which should he asso ciated with the medical school of the university. The hospital buildings were completed in 1889, and steps were immediately taken to organize the medical school, whose first class graduated in 1898. It was the first of American medical schools to require a college degree as a pre requisite for admission, and it has done much to advance medical educational standards. Its reputation has become even greater than that of the philosophical department, and very re cently the Rockefeller Foundation, through the efforts of Prof. William H. Welch, first dean of the medical school, has founded a school of public hygiene in connection with the university.